Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the proximate composition, antiradical properties and hepatoprotective activity of three species of shellfish, Corbicula japonica, Spisula sachalinensis, and Anadara broughtonii, from the coastal areas of Far East Russia. Biologically active peptides such as taurine (3.74 g/100 g protein) and ornithine (2.12 g/100 g protein) have been found in the tissues of A. broughtonii. C. japonica contains a high amount of ornithine (5.57 g/100 g protein) and taurine (0.85 g/100 g protein). The maximum DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity (36.0 µg ascorbic acid/g protein and 0.68 µmol/Trolox equiv/g protein, respectively) was determined for the tissue of C. japonica. The protein and peptide molecular weight distribution of the shellfish tissue water extracts was investigated using HPLC. It was found that the amount of low molecular weight proteins and peptides were significantly and positively correlated with radical scavenging activity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.96), while the amount of high molecular weight proteins negatively correlated with radical scavenging activity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = −0.86). Hepatoprotective activity, measured by the survival rate of HepG2 hepatocytes after cotreatment with t-BHP, was detected for C. japonica. The highest protection (95.3 ± 2.4%) was achieved by the cold water extract of C. japonica at the concentration of 200 mg/mL. Moreover, oral administration of hot water extract of C. japonica to rats before the treatment with CCl4 exhibited a markedly protective effect by lowering serum levels of ALT and AST, inhibiting the changes in biochemical parameters of functional state of rat liver, including MDA, SOD, GSH and GST.
Highlights
There is significant consumption of natural resources, resulting in irreversible change and the collapse of traditional food stocks [1,2]
S. sachalinensis and A. broughtonii had satisfactory protein/lipid ratios, which is of particular interest from a nutritional point of view, since proteins are valuable nitrogen and amino acid sources for the human body
C. japonica, A. broughtonii, and S. sachalinensis had high levels of protein, with their amino acid profile dominated by leucine, lysine, and phenylalanine
Summary
There is significant consumption of natural resources, resulting in irreversible change and the collapse of traditional food stocks [1,2]. It is necessary to search for new potential sources of food in biologically active substances and consider their use, while maintaining the ecological balance. Marine organisms are a source of natural food products, new drugs, and biologically active compounds, covering a wide range of substances of different origins [3]. The marine environment possibly have molecules and compounds with different structures and vastly different substances from the natural products in terrestrial organisms [4]. Extreme conditions lead organisms to evolve, creating bioactive compounds for such purposes as reproduction, communication, and protection against predation, infection, and competition [5] in order to survive in the environment. There is a huge possibility to encounter a whole new set of natural compounds from marine organisms [6]
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