Provision of Onsite Childcare in US Academic Health Centers: What Factors Make a Difference?

Abstract

Challenges to work-life balance, including childcare, have been cited as major barriers to career advancement for women in academic medicine. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the availability of onsite childcare at academic health centers (AHCs) for US medical schools and examined institutional characteristics associated with its provision. Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) were used to identify US medical schools by region, type (private vs. public, community-based vs. not), financial relationship to the university, and numbers of female medical students, faculty, chairs, and deans. We assessed onsite childcare from publicly available information on institutional websites, plus phone calls to human resources departments at medical centers and/or medical schools. Our study identified 144 US medical schools from the AAMC database and collected complete data for 136 (95%). Most AHCs offered onsite childcare (62%, 84/136). AHCs in the Midwest (78%) were most likely to have onsite childcare, whereas AHCs in the Southwest were least likely (14%, p<.001). No associations were demonstrated between onsite childcare and the proportion of female chairs or female faculty, or the AHC's financial relationship with the parent university. Although accessible childcare is critical to the upward mobility of women in medicine, more than a third of AHCs do not offer onsite childcare. As more women in medicine navigate childcare demands, the expansion of accessible, quality onsite childcare at AHCs is needed to promote a diverse academic workforce.