Abstract
Affordable, portable, and non-destructive instruments that work equally well in the field and in the lab are rare. For several years, our team of archaeologists and geologists at the University of Illinois has been using a Portable Infrared Mineral Analyzer (PIMA) along with X-ray diffraction and selected chemical techniques to determine the types and origins of pipestones used to make prehistoric North American figurines and pipes (Emerson and Hughes 2000).
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