Provenance of sediments from Barra del Tordo and Tesoro beaches, Tamaulipas State, northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Mayla A Ramos-Vázquez,John S Armstrong-Altrin

doi:10.1186/s42501-021-00101-4

Abstract

The mineralogy, bulk sediment geochemical composition, and U–Pb ages of detrital zircons retrieved from the Barra del Tordo (Tordo) and Tesoro beach sediments in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico were analyzed to determine their provenance. The beach sediments are mainly composed of quartz, ilmenite, magnetite, titanite, zircon, and anorthite. The weathering proxies such as the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), reveal a moderate-to-high intensity of weathering in the source area. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns are similar to felsic igneous rocks, with large negative europium anomaly (Eu/Eu* = ~ 0.47–0.80 and ~ 0.57–0.67 in the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments, respectively).Three major zircon U–Pb age groups are identified in the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments, i.e., Proterozoic (~ 2039–595 Ma), Mesozoic (~ 244–70.3 Ma), and Cenozoic (~ 65.9–1.2 Ma). The differences of the zircon age spectrum between the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments are not significant. The comparison of zircon U–Pb ages in this study with ages of potential source terranes suggests that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic zircons of the studied Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments were derived from the Eastern Alkaline Province (EAP) and Mesa Central Province (MCP). Similarly, the likely sources for the Proterozoic zircons were the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOr) and Oaxaquia in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. The results of this study further indicate that the sediments delivered to the beaches by rivers and redistributed by longshore currents were crucial in determining the sediment provenance.

Highlights

The geochemistry of beach sediments in the Gulf of Mexico have been studied by various authors (RosalesHoz et al 2015; Machain-Castillo et al 2019; Ayala-Pérez et al 2021; Kasper-Zubillaga et al 2021), whereas the U– Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Gulf of Mexico coastal sediments have not been studied extensively
The results of this study reveal that the Barra del Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments are mainly composed of quartz, ilmenite, magnetite, zircon, titanite, and anorthite
Zircon U–Pb dating for the Barra del Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments suggests three dominant age peaks: Proterozoic (~ 2593–560.4 Ma), Mesozoic (~ 249.3–68.9 Ma), Cenozoic (~ 69.9–1.2 Ma)

Summary

Introduction

The geochemistry of beach sediments in the Gulf of Mexico have been studied by various authors (RosalesHoz et al 2015; Machain-Castillo et al 2019; Ayala-Pérez et al 2021; Kasper-Zubillaga et al 2021), whereas the U– Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Gulf of Mexico coastal sediments have not been studied extensively. The mineralogical and geochemical compositions of detrital sediments are commonly used to investigate the provenance, weathering, and tectonic setting of source area Detrital sediments are influenced by diagenesis and recycling, their mineral and geochemistry composition is primarily depended on source rocks. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and the Eu anomaly are extensively utilized in various studies to infer source rock characteristics Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and the Eu anomaly are extensively utilized in various studies to infer source rock characteristics (e.g. Bankole et al 2020; Chaudhuri et al 2020)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion