Abstract
With the exponential growth of large data produced by IoT applications and the need for low-cost computational resources, new paradigms such as volunteer cloud computing (VCC) have recently been introduced. In VCC, volunteers do not disclose resource information before joining the system. This leads to uncertainties about the level of trust in the system. The majority of available trust models are suitable for peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, which rely on direct and indirect interaction, and might cause memory consumption overhead concerns in large systems. To address this problem, this paper introduces ProTrust, a probabilistic framework that defines the trust of a host in VCC. We expand the concept of trust in VCC and develop two new metrics: (1) trustworthiness based on the priority of a task, named loyalty, and (2) trustworthiness affected by behavioral change. We first utilized a modified $Beta$ distribution function, and the behavior of resources are classified into different loyalty levels. Then, we present a behavior detection method to reflect recent changes in behavior. We evaluated ProTrust experimentally with a real workload trace and observed that the framework's estimation of the trust score improved by approximately 15% and its memory consumption decreased by more than 65% compared to existing methods.
Highlights
The Internet of things (IoT) refers to billions of devices connected to the Internet, which produce a huge amount of data
Volunteer cloud computing has been proposed as an economic way of undertaking tasks that are currently conducted by cloud computing models in specialized data centers
A number of crucial issues must be addressed for volunteer cloud systems, such as potential mistrust between volunteer hosts and user applications and fault tolerance
Summary
The Internet of things (IoT) refers to billions of devices connected to the Internet, which produce a huge amount of data. The nature of IoT applications that operate within a volunteer cloud environment is notoriously diverse and may include batch-type applications (e.g., a shopping application) with low priority and more performance-sensitive tasks/data with high priority (e.g., a health application) [8] These differences indicate a need to consider the quality of service (QoS) requirements to achieve a more optimal task assignment to volunteer hosts. For fine-grained trust computations, performance sensitivity levels must form part of the trust model To address these problems, this article introduces ProTrust, a probabilistic framework to determine the trust of volunteer hosts in volunteer cloud computing. ProTrust is a new approach for estimating the trust of a volunteer host using a probabilistic framework that exploits our new version of the beta distribution.
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