Abstract
The recognition of protozoal DNA by immune cells could provide an important innate defense mechanism for control of parasitic disease. By culturing macrophages with DNA from Babesia bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei, L. Shoda et al. [(2001) Infect. Immun. 69, 2162–2171] found increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α, in addition to enhanced nitric oxide synthesis. In particular, unmethylated CpG dinucleotides were found to induce strongly macrophage production of these mediators, all three of which are associated with protective immunity against protozoan parasites. Protozoan DNA also has a strong mitogenic effect on B lymphocytes. SHK
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