Abstract
Developing technologies that allow the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of cancer (theragnostic) has been the quest of numerous interdisciplinary research teams. In this context, nanomaterials incorporating prototypic near infrared (NIR)-light responsive heptamethine cyanines have been showing very promising results for cancer theragnostic. The precisely engineered features of these nanomaterials endow them with the ability to achieve a high tumor accumulation, enabling a tumor's visualization by NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging modalities. Upon interaction with NIR light, the tumor-homed heptamethine cyanine-incorporating nanomaterials can also produce a photothermal/photodynamic effect with a high spatio-temporal resolution and minimal side effects, leading to an improved therapeutic outcome. This progress report analyses the application of nanomaterials incorporating prototypic NIR-light responsive heptamethine cyanines (IR775, IR780, IR783, IR797, IR806, IR808, IR820, IR825, IRDye 800CW, and Cypate) for cancer photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and imaging. Overall, the continuous development of nanomaterials incorporating the prototypic NIR absorbing heptamethine cyanines will cement their phototheragnostic capabilities.
Highlights
Developing technologies that allow the simultaneous diagnosis and treatthem with the ability to preferentially accument of cancer has been the quest of numerous interdismulate within the tumor.[2]
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approval of ICG has propelled the use of this near infrared (NIR) absorbing small molecule belonging to the heptamethine cyanine family in cancer theragnostic–Figure 1
In the particular case of IR780, IR783, and IR808, these have been reported to interact with the organic anionic transporter peptides (OATPs), which are overexpressed by cancer cells, enabling their use for tumor imaging[21,22,23,24] (please note that imaging applications require the administration of low doses of the imaging agents (e.g., 0.2–0.3 mg kg−1[25,26]))
Summary
The FDA-approval of ICG has propelled the use of this NIR absorbing small molecule belonging to the heptamethine cyanine family in cancer theragnostic (reviewed in detail in ref. [2])–Figure 1. In the particular case of IR780, IR783, and IR808, these have been reported to interact with the organic anionic transporter peptides (OATPs), which are overexpressed by cancer cells, enabling their use for tumor imaging[21,22,23,24] (please note that imaging applications require the administration of low doses of the imaging agents (e.g., 0.2–0.3 mg kg−1[25,26])) Despite their potential, in general, these prototypic NIR absorbing heptamethine cyanines have a poor water solubility, affecting their application for cancer PTT/PDT, in which high doses need to be administered for attaining complete tumor ablation.[27] the hydrophobic character of these dyes may promote their aggregation during circulation,[10] leading to undesirable side effects.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
