Abstract
Study of Local West Sumatera Stove performances to boil gambir in Pesisir Selatan district showed the results that heat transfer efficiency is 11.6 %, very simple in operation but short service life, indoor pollution due to smoke and burnt risk are high because of no chimney and hot flue gas temperature is still higher than 200 0C, very cheap in construction, and environmentally causes impact on local deforestation. This paper attempted to design, construct, and run a set of combustion test to NWS Stove for boiling gambir using mixture of biomass fuel of fire-wood, palm fiber and shell. It was made of river stones and consists of two main parts, namely combustion chamber with grate for biomass fuel bed and its pot and flue gas heat utilization. Water Boiling Test was conducted with the height of grate of 25 to 45 cm from the floor, natural or forced convection air underneath the grate, damper between combustion chamber and flue gas channel to the chimney was 10 to 20 cm height opened, and kinds and mixtures of biomass with any quantitative proportion. The result shows that the stove is green and saves the fire-wood fuel 70% or more. It also shows performances as follow: higher heat transfer efficiency, namely up to 18.78%; very simple in operation and long service life; gives more benefits in health and safety; needs higher capital investment but low operational cost. Additionally, temperature profiles show that adjustable grate with distance to cooking pot not more than 25 cm probably plays an important role in effective heat transfer.
Highlights
Gambir (Uncaria Gambir Roxb.) is one of traditional export commodity of West Sumatera Province
The results of combustion test using biomass fuel of fire-wood, fiber, shell, and their mixtures to know the performances of the stove for natural convection and force convection air are given in Table 1 and 2, respectively
The height of Biomass fuel/kg Combustion grate from the proceed floor, cm fire-wood/ 2
Summary
Gambir (Uncaria Gambir Roxb.) is one of traditional export commodity of West Sumatera Province. LWS Stove is made of clay and surrounded by clay It is too high in construction (about 80 cm), no grate for fuel bed in combustion chamber, and no chimney so that hot flue gas temperature exit is too high. The hot flue gas temperature is normally in range of 200 to 250 0C, depend on the flare. These reasons lead to low efficiency of LWS Stove. The large distance between the pot and fuel bed causes heat transfer to cooking pot to be considerably reduced. Because of the large size of flue gas exits between the cooking pot and stove, much of the hot flue gas exits the stove without coming into contact with the cooking pot, reducing the convective heat transfer. No grate makes air cannot reach the bottom of the stove than a considerable amount of fuel accumulates at the bottom as charcoal
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