Prototype Biodiversity Digital Twin: prioritisation of DNA metabarcoding sampling locations

Abstract

Advancements in environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding have revolutionised our capacity to assess biodiversity, especially for cryptic or less-studied organisms, such as fungi, bacteria and micro-invertebrates. Despite its cost-effectiveness, the spatial selection for sampling sites remains a critical challenge due to the considerable time and resources required for processing and analysing eDNA samples. This study introduces a Biodiversity Digital Twin Prototype, aimed at optimising the selection and prioritisation of eDNA sampling locations. Leveraging available eDNA data and integrating user-defined criteria, this digital twin facilitates informed decision-making in selecting future sampling sites. Through the development of an associated data formatting tool, we also facilitate the accessibility and utility of DNA metabarcoding data for broader conservation efforts. This prototype will serve multiple end-users, from researchers and monitoring initiatives to commercial enterprises, by providing an intuitive interface for interactive exploration and prioritisation, based on estimated complementarity of future samples. The prototype offers a scalable approach to biodiversity sampling. Ultimately, this tool aims to refine our understanding of global biodiversity patterns and support targeted conservation strategies through efficient eDNA sampling.