Abstract
During the last three decades, less than fifteen papers have described the results of scientific investigations in the field of gentian protoplast technology and somatic hybridization. Despite rather limited research already done on this subject, several important goals have been achieved. Protoplast-to-plant systems have been developed either for leading ornamental species or for specific medicinal plants. Two major protoplast sources were evaluated in gentians, namely differentiated leaf mesophyll cells and undifferentiated callus/cell suspensions. Plant regeneration proceeded by the two different pathways of shoot organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Some examples of somaclonal variation at the ploidy level were demonstrated within the pool of protoplast-derived regenerants. Totipotency exhibited by gentian protoplasts was exploited to create three different somatic hybrid combinations: intergeneric Swertia mussotii (+) Bupleurum scorzonerifolium , and interspecific Gentiana kurroo (+) G. cruciata and G. cruciata (+) G. tibetica.
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