Abstract
We report calculations of the formation cross-sections of protonium when antiprotons collide with atomic and molecular hydrogen with relative energies of 0.5–5 eV. Our theoretical approach is based on a method that couples the electron and nuclear degrees of freedom. In this method, the dynamics of the electrons are treated quantum mechanically, while the nuclei are treated in the narrow-width wave-packet limit, thus moving in an averaged classical trajectory. We find that the protonium formation cross-section agrees well with the results predicted by other models. We report the probability distributions for the principal quantum number n and the angular quantum number l. We show that the high Rydberg states and low ionization channel play an important role in the protonium formation cross-section at the ionization threshold energy.
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