Proton NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics profiling of doxorubicin-silver nanoparticles for metabolites characterization, and chemical metabolism in breast cancer

Abstract

In this study, doxorubicin (DOX), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and DOX-AgNPs were used to screen metabolome activity in breast cancer (BC) cells. DOX and AgNPs may open an avenue for clinical application and BC metabolic inhibitors; however, their metabolic microenvironmental pathways are not well understood. To evaluate metabolic variations in DOX and AgNPs treated BC cells, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra were coupled with univariate and multivariate statistical methods. The 100 µg/mL of DOX, AgNPs, and DOX-AgNPs-treated BC cells were significantly different from untreated BC cells when multivariate pattern recognition of 1H NMR spectrum data was used. The results show that DOX, AgNPs, and DOX-AgNPs reduced energy, amino acids, neurological, and oxidative stress metabolism. An adenosine monophosphate (AMP), an adenosine diphosphate (ADP), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutathione (GSH), glutamine, glutamate, trimethylamine, and xanthine were all significantly affected. As a results, we propose that DOX, AgNPs, and DOX-AgNPs exposure affected an important metabolic pathway, like pyrimidine metabolism, sucrose metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in BC cells. Data AvailabilityData will be made available on request.