Abstract
1H‐MR spectroscopy of skeletal muscle provides insight into metabolism that is not available noninvasively by other methods. The recommendations given in this article are intended to guide those who have basic experience in general MRS to the special application of 1H‐MRS in skeletal muscle. The highly organized structure of skeletal muscle leads to effects that change spectral features far beyond simple peak heights, depending on the type and orientation of the muscle. Specific recommendations are given for the acquisition of three particular metabolites (intramyocellular lipids, carnosine and acetylcarnitine) and for preconditioning of experiments and instructions to study volunteers.
Highlights
Skeletal muscle is the main tissue responsible for body posture and movement
1H-MRS of skeletal muscle can yield an abundance of information about the physiology, metabolic health and pathology of tissue
While an anatomically correct volume selection is important for all organs, it is mandatory for 1H-MRS of skeletal muscle
Summary
Skeletal muscle is the main tissue responsible for body posture and movement. To accomplish this function, it demands a major part of whole-body energy metabolism. Aspects of 1H-MRS in skeletal muscle that are common to other organs will not be discussed in detail in this recommendation paper These general considerations include single voxel and chemical shift imaging based on localization sequences, shimming, water suppression, motion artifacts due to blood flow or respiration, chemical shift displacement, outer volume suppression, spectral fitting, quantification, eddy current corrections, and other factors. Whenever possible the voxel should be positioned in a location where it is surrounded by the same type of tissue While this notion is valid for MRS in all organs, skeletal muscle shows large differences in metabolite concentrations (eg, between EMCL and IMCL), which render even small contaminations from other compartments deleterious.
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