Abstract
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are being developed for propulsion of automobiles and for portable and stationary power generation. This paper reviews the technology status in terms of performance, durability, size and weight. An example of a closed loop system is described together with its operational characteristics. Various hydrogen/oxygen storage and refueling options are discussed. The PEM fuel cells may be attractive for propulsion of underwater vehicles because of high efficiency, quiet operation, low thermal signature, neutral buoyancy, and depth independence of the process.
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