Proton acceleration in the solar flare

Abstract

100 years of cosmic ray investigations have not led to understanding the mechanism of particles acceleration. The most popular acceleration mechanisms of cosmic ray considered in the theory are associated with shock waves. The discovery of sources of protons with energies up to 20 GeV, generated by the Sun (solar cosmic ray), gives us hope for the opportunity to clarify the mechanism of cosmic rays generation. The important information about the mechanism of proton acceleration in the Sun has been obtained from results by GOES of measurements. The association of a proton event with a particular flare is beyond doubt. The GOES measurements indicate the high-energy protons propagation without collisions from the flares that appeared on the western part of the solar disk. These protons move in the interplanetary space along helical magnetic field lines. The protons from flares on the back side of the Sun can also arrive to the Earth’s magnetosphere along magnetic lines. The protons from eastern flares come to the Earth’s magnetosphere with the solar wind velocity or due to diffusion across the magnetic lines.