Abstract
Background : A proteomics approach was used to reveal major protein differences in the aleurone layer (AL) of mature grain between four wheat species: T. aestivum and T. spelta (6X), T. durum (4X), and T. monococum (2X). Materiel and methods: In each species, one representative cultivar was used for total AL protein extraction. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of AL proteins revealed 1380, 1355, 1120 and 973 Coomassie stained spots, respectively. Result: A total of 334 spots showed quantitative or qualitative (presence/absence) differences between the four cultivars. T. aestivum and T. spelta had 90.9% and 92.6% of their AL proteome respectively, identical to the other species. Only 25 spots were significantly different between the two hexaploid cultivars. AL proteins encoded by the A genome were mainly expressed in polyploid species. Percentages of proteins encoded by A genome was 85%, in tetraploid species and 70% in the hexaploid spelt. Eighty for proteins are identified by mass spectrometry and data mining and were classified in five bbiological processes and (12) functional categories. Conclusion: The major differences between species were particularly due to storage globulins (22, 11 and 1 of Glo-3, Glo-3B, Glo-3C, respectively), stress related proteins including antioxidant proteins like 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and manganese superoxide dismutase, defence proteins like xylanase, serpin3 and heat shock proteins.
Highlights
Triticum species other than common bread wheat such as Triticum spelta, emmer and einkorn are the subject of interest due to the high nutritive and dietary value of their grain and unique taste attributes (Abdel-Aal et al, 1995)
The image of aleurone layer (AL) observed by scanning electron microscope validated the dissection procedure and revealed the purity of the recovered aleurone tissues, which were identified by their histological composition (Antoine et al, 2004; Barron et al, 2007) (Fig. 1)
Our results showed that at least 90% of the AL proteome was identical between the two hexaploid species
Summary
Triticum species other than common bread wheat such as Triticum spelta, emmer and einkorn are the subject of interest due to the high nutritive and dietary value of their grain and unique taste attributes (Abdel-Aal et al, 1995). The antioxidant potential of wheat grain fractions is said to be mainly determined by aleurone content, which can be attributed to the presence of relatively large amounts of phenolic compounds, mainly ferulic acid A proteomics approach was used to reveal major protein differences in the aleurone layer (AL) of mature grain between four wheat species: T. aestivum and T. spelta (6X), T. durum (4X), and T. monococum (2X). Percentages of proteins encoded by A genome was 85%, in tetraploid species and 70% in the hexaploid spelt. Conclusion: The major differences between species were due to storage globulins (22, 11 and 1 of Glo-3, Glo-3B, Glo-3C, respectively), stress related proteins including antioxidant proteins like 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and manganese superoxide dismutase, defence proteins like xylanase, serpin[3] and heat shock proteins
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