PROTOCOLOS TERAPÊUTICOS PARA O TRATAMENTO DA ESPOROTRICOSE FELINA REFRATÁRIA E INOVAÇÕES DECORRENTES DAS PESQUISAS

Abstract

Sporotrichosis in felines is much more pathogenic than in other animals or in humans, even if immunocompetent, which makes treatment a challenge in clinical medicine, as many of them are refractory to the preferred therapy such as Itraconazole or Ketoconazole. This situation also arises from the prolonged oral administration of the medication, the animal's reluctance to take the drug and the guardian's abandonment of the prescription when he notices an improvement in the lesions caused by the disease, which generates relapses and resistance to the antifungals available on the market. Itraconazole, as well as Ketoconazole, act by causing permeability of the plasma membrane and cell necrosis, however, they have adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting in the first and liver disease as relevance in the second. Terbinafine works by interrupting the synthesis of ergosterol and as a consequence the cell membrane ruptures and death, however, it also has side effects such as gastrointestinal and skin problems. Potassium iodide can be used in combination with azoles or Terbinafine, although the literature does not agree with the issue, as not all felines respond to treatment, adverse effects are due to iodism such as depression, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea. There are also alternative treatments that can enhance oral medication, such as laser therapy, ozone therapy, cryotherapy and cryosurgery. Due to the issue of non-responsive felines, there is research being developed aiming to provide new therapeutic horizons for these animals, such as the use of intranasal infusion of 1% Clotrimazole spray associated with Itraconazole added with Potassium iodide or not, with good results, no relapses and no side effects. NikZ, the result of a substance produced by the bacterium Streptomyces tendae, called Nikkomycin Z, also appears as a new therapeutic potential for the treatment of Sporotrix spp., with a blocking effect on chitin synthase present in the cell wall of fungi, were maide research with dogs, rats and is in Phase 1 of experiments on humans. NikZ represents a new form of prescription, as it can be placed in the animals' drinking water, avoiding the desertion of those responsible for the felines, it has no observable adverse effects in the analyzes carried out and represents an alternative for cats refractory to existing medical protocols in veterinary.