Protocolo diagnóstico y seguimiento de las complicaciones microvasculares de la diabetes mellitus. Nefropatía y retinopatía diabéticas

Abstract

Screening of diabetic nephropathy should be made by an annual review of microalbuminuria with estimated glomerular filtration rate from diagnosis in type 1 DM. or after 5 years of diagnosis in type 2 DM. The goal of treatment is to control blood pressure, blood glucose, proteinuria, dyslipidemia and overall cardiovascular risk factors (weight control, smoking cessation).The duration of DM is a major risk factor for developing diabetic ophtalmopathy such that at 20 years of diagnosis almost all type 1 diabetics and 60% of type 2 diabetes have some degree of DR. Other key factors are the degree of glycemic control and blood pressure. It is recommended a screening by an ophthalmologist at 5 years after diagnosis in type 1 diabetes, since 10 years of age, and at diagnosis in type 2 DM.