Protocolo diagnóstico de sospecha y estadificación del cáncer esofágico

Abstract

IntroductionThe two major types of esophageal cancer are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer (90% of all esophageal cancers diagnosed worldwide). Other types of esophageal (melanoma, lymphoma, metastatic, etc.) cancer complete the remaining 10%. EpidemiologyThe incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the Western world is increasing in recent decades, reaching US. UU. in 2014 80% of all diagnosed with esophageal cancer. The associated risk factors are GERD, Barrett's esophagus, male gender, obesity and consumption of snuff. DiagnosisThe diagnostic approach begins with a thorough history and physical examination, being the most frequent symptoms and signs dysphagia, weight loss and anemia. Initial diagnostic tests are upper endoscopy with biopsies and CT body. StagingIn the last two decades, endoscopic ultrasonography, along with the possibility of FNA samples, has become the most accurate and cost-effective detection of locoregional disease test. If in doubt of distant disease test it is the best performing positron emission tomography.