Abstract
Dysphagia is a common symptom in standard clinical practice, appearing in all age ranges and from numerous causes. There are types of dysphagia according to its origin (oropharyngeal dysphagia and oesophageal dysphagia), each with a different clinical presentation and accompanying symptoms that help with the differential diagnosis. The medical history is essential for directing the diagnosis of dysphagia, because a proper anamnesis helps suggest the aetiology in most cases. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy should be the first complementary test for most patients, especially when a mechanical cause is suspected, including malignant lesions. If the results of the endoscopy are negative, other diagnostic tests can be performed, such as barium oesophagography and high-resolution oesophageal manometry, depending on the suspected diagnosis.
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