Abstract
Agitation in patients is an important, common psychiatric syndrome in emergency departments that requires immediate attention. The initial treatment is based on diagnostic suspicion and is aimed at containing the episode of agitation and establishing safety measures to avoid self-aggressive or hetero-aggressive harm. Verbal de-escalation is the first step, followed by chemical and/or mechanical restraint according to the intensity of symptoms and the degree of patient collaboration. There are different pharmacological strategies which include the use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. There are also other newer pharmacological agents whose use is not as widespread, though they are no less effective, such as ketamine.
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