PROTOCOL STANDARDIZATION FOR GENERATING INVITRO PUNICA GRANATUM IMPROVED CALLUS CELLS THROUGH ADVANCED TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES

Abstract

In recent years, plant cell culture-based nutritional supplements and cosmetics have extensively gained potential in nutraceuticals and cosmetology as they are pesticide-free sources of plant extracts. Any stress on plant tissue results in the creation of a callus, an unorganized cell mass. Not only did remarkable innovations and new methods in tissue culture improve pluripotent cells, but they also enhanced callus cells, which are grown from meristematic cells found in shoot tips, cambial cells, and root tips. Improved plant callus cells enable a large increase in the generation of secondary metabolites. One such fruit with a high natural phytochemical content and three times as many antioxidants as green tea is Punica granatum. Due to its high concentration of polyphenols and anti-ageing qualities, the current health and cosmetic markets have found that this nutrient-dense fruit may treat a wide range of difficult ailments. For effective scaling up of phytochemical extraction from improved callus cells, this paper has standardized the procedure for pomegranate-enhanced callus cell synthesis. The pomegranate node explant worked best for inducing calluses. The most effective medium for callus development was Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with 3% sucrose and 1 mg 2,4 D. It had the greatest induction rate (96%), the best callus growth, and the lowest contamination detected following sterilization treatment at 5 min with mercuric chloride. The sixth day of the culture cycle saw the observation of the ideal growth index. The use of elicitors in the suspension culture of P. granatum-improved callus cells was discovered to be a simple method for creating pomegranate-improved callus cells and enhancing the production of beneficial phytochemicals.