Abstract
BackgroundA key determinant of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is bystander cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which can more than double an individual’s chances of surviving to discharge from hospital. The experience of other international OHCA survival programmes has shown that increasing bystander CPR is strongly associated with an increase in overall survival. However, existing data suggest that the more economically deprived an area is the higher the incidence of cardiac arrest. At the same time, rates of bystander CPR in the same areas are lower, which could result in lower survival rates.High-profile awareness raising campaigns that are generic focus have not specifically targeted people living in deprived communities who may require more tailored campaigns and interventions to change attitudes and improve confidence to administer bystander CPR. Therefore, this systematic review will explore the facilitators and barriers to engaging with bystander CPR which exist in deprived communities The secondary objective is to identify existing bystander OHCA social marketing and social network intervention campaigns that could inform future activities to improve the rate of bystander CPR in deprived communities.MethodsSystematic review searching the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science Core Collection Citation Indexes. Unpublished ‘grey’ literature will also be sourced through web searches, stakeholder interviews, and an advisory group. The reference lists of any relevant reviews will also be checked for additional studies. References will be restricted to those published in 2000 onwards. Authors will independently screen, assess data quality, and extract data for synthesis. A narrative synthesis of study findings will be conducted, with findings presented thematically.DiscussionThis review will focus on all studies that seek to examine the barriers and facilitators to the delivery of bystander CPR in deprived communities and identify examples of previous interventions or activities that could inform the design of a future theory-based intervention to improve the rate of bystander CPR in deprived communities.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017081944
Highlights
A key determinant of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is bystander cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which can more than double an individual’s chances of surviving to discharge from hospital
A key determinant of survival after OHCA is bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which is demonstrated to improve the likelihood of survival to hospital discharge by sevenfold [2]
The experience of other international OHCA survival programmes has shown that increasing bystander CPR improves overall survival [1]
Summary
A key determinant of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is bystander cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which can more than double an individual’s chances of surviving to discharge from hospital. The experience of other international OHCA survival programmes has shown that increasing bystander CPR is strongly associated with an increase in overall survival. Of the 65 people living on Scotland who have attempted resuscitation after OHCA each week, only around 1 in 20 will survive to leave hospital.. Of the 65 people living on Scotland who have attempted resuscitation after OHCA each week, only around 1 in 20 will survive to leave hospital.1 This is lower than the 9% survival figure quoted for the rest of the UK and the European average of 1 in 10 [1]. The experience of other international OHCA survival programmes has shown that increasing bystander CPR improves overall survival [1]. In Denmark, an increase in the bystander CPR rate from 19.4% in 2001 to 43.3% in 2010 was associated with an increase in overall survival to discharge from hospital from 6.5 to 19.1% in the same period [4]
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