Protocol for a Systematic Review: Provision of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for Improving Academic Achievement and School Engagement in Students Aged 4‐18

Pre-primary teachers’ preparedness in integrating information and communication technology in teaching and learning in Tanzania

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for teaching and learning has become essential for quality education. This includes ICT tools such as computers, the Internet, software and a range of devices. Despite this, the infrastructure in Saudi Arabia does not currently allow the widespread implementation of ICT in the education system (Albugami & Ahmed, 2015). A comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of ICT implementation for learning and teaching in Australian and Saudi Arabian primary schools is the focus of this study. The analysis aimed to provide guidance as to how Saudi Arabia might benefit from the increased implementation of ICT tools in primary schools. The investigation was conducted using four constructs of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework: Technological Knowledge (TK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) (Schmidt, Baran, Thompson, Mishra, Koehler & Shin, 2009). Importantly, it drew upon the framework for conceptualising the stages of ICT integration proposed by (Niess, Ronau, Shafer, Driskell, Harper, Johnston, & Kersaint, 2009). The following overarching research questions were intended to guide the qualitative and quantitative collection and analysis of data so that a comparative study of the use of ICT in schools could be completed: 1. What is the current state of ICT usage for teaching and learning in selected primary schools in Saudi Arabia and Australia? 2. What are the similarities and differences in ICT adoption and implementation for learning and teaching between selected schools in Saudi Arabia and Australia? 3. What recommendations can be made for improving ICT usage in teaching and learning in primary schools in Saudi Arabia and Australia? A correlational comparative study was conducted that collected data from teachers (n = 112) and students (n = 440) at state and independent/private primary schools in both the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) (n = 4) and Australia (n = 2). The three research questions were investigated in two phases. Phase One involved the collection of quantitative data from surveys administered to both students and teachers concerning ICT usage both inside and outside of school, and their perceptions of the effectiveness of ICT for learning and teaching. In addition, teachers were surveyed on ICT use in teaching and learning TPK. Phase Two consisted of the collection of qualitative data through interviews with a sample of 27 teachers from both Saudi Arabia (n = 18) and Australia (n = 9). Those teachers participated in face-to-face and telephone interviews and provided their responses to both structured and unstructured questions. Statistical analyses using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests revealed a significant difference between private and public Saudi Arabian primary schools in the implementation of the TPACK framework. While no significant differences were found to exist between the selected independent and state Australian primary schools, Saudi Arabian private schools overall were found to be more likely than Saudi Arabian public schools to have adopted expectations that reflected the TPACK model than did Saudi Arabian public schools. Through the NVivo software, qualitative data analysis revealed teachers’ perceptions of ICT use, and the effect of educational policy on teachers’ ICT use. Australian students were more generally positive about the ways in which they can use ICTs in the classroom effectively to enhance their education than were Saudi students. Further, Australian teachers, like their Saudi counterparts, were very aware of the need for the integration of ICT into education and were certainly in favour of it. By drawing up the Niess et al. (2009) framework, the findings suggested that the sample of Saudi Arabian primary schools most reflected the stages of recognising and accepting the use of ICT in teaching and learning, while the sample of Australian schools studied most reflected aspects which indicated that they had moved beyond the recognising and accepting phases, and demonstrated that they were adapting, exploring and advancing ICT use in teaching and learning. This study concludes with a set of recommendations for teachers, schools and policymakers to enhance the use of ICT for teaching and learning in both Saudi Arabian and Australian schools. As a result, this study has the potential to contribute to an improved understanding among policymakers, schools and teachers in relation to how ICT can become more widely utilised both in the classroom and at home to achieve higher-quality education outcomes, which is important for the long-term growth and development of both nations’ education systems.

The classroom teaching and learning in the 21st century stress creativity and innovation. So, the use of information and communication technology (ICT) is seen as an important means to foster innovation. However, without genuine interest from teachers, it is difficult to integrate ICT in classroom instruction. Teachers are the engines that enhance the digitization of school teaching and learning process. However, the determination to implement ICT in the school curriculum and instructions lies in the hands of school leaders as rigorous use of ICT in teaching and learning could be effective if school principals provide required support. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between principals’ technology leadership behavior and teachers’ use of ICT in classroom teaching and learning in Bhutan. Data was gathered from 329 middle secondary school teachers through survey questionnaires. The study found that principals’ technology leadership behavior in Bhutan was at moderate levels with a positive relationship to teachers’ use of ICT. Likewise, statistical analysis revealed that two predictors of the principal’s technology leadership dimensions: support, management and operation; and productivity and professional practices were the best predictors of teachers’ use of ICT in the classroom.

The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) initiated the Second International Technology in Education Study (SITES 2006) — a large-scale comparative survey on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in schools. The goal was to understand the pedagogical use of ICTs in schools in 22 education systems. We aim to contextualize South Africa’s participation in SITES 2006 on four levels: (i) the nature and structure of the South African education system, (ii) a review of South Africa’s participation in SITES 2006, (iii) ICT infrastructure, facilities and equipment, and (iv) teachers’ use of ICTs for teaching and learning. SITES 2006 administered three questionnaires to school principals, technology coordinators, and mathematics and science teachers. The final sample consisted of 666 mathematics and 622 science teachers. Although most education systems collected data via the internet, South Africa was the only country that used only a paper-and-pencil data collection strategy with an average return rate of 90%. South Africa scored low on most variables, e.g. ICT infrastructure, facilities, and equipment. A large percentage of South African teachers reported their ICT incompetence. South Africa’s inability to cross the boundaries of traditional learning towards the development of 21st century teaching and learning skills inhibits social and economic growth for the development of human capital. Keywords: developing context; e-Education; ICT in education; large-scale study; mathematics education; science education; SITES 2006; South Africa

The aim of the current paper is to provide an extensive review of the theoretical and empirical literature that justifies the need for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of tourism in the Kenyan institutions of higher learning. Further, a review of existing constraints is also explained using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which has proved to be a suitable theoretical model in helping to explain and predict user behaviour of information technology and subsequently proposes the way forward towards enhanced integration. This study examines literature review that reveals the different points of view in relation to the integration of ICT in teaching and learning in tourism higher education institutions in Kenya. Specifically this paper sought to establish the various ICT resources applicable in tourism education, determine the benefits of integrating ICT in tourism education and lastly establish the external factors and user based factors that influence or constrain acceptance of ICT in tourism education in higher institutions and recommend the way forward.
 The findings from the literature reviewed indicates that, the use of ICTs transforms the teaching and learning experience by changing the manner in which the tourism and hospitality skills and knowledge is acquired. However, the need for more appropriate modes of delivery to make the tourism education programmes more convenient for the modern student is quite crucial. Findings further showed that students are willing to adapt and use ICTs for learning but there are numerous barriers that are either user or institutional based. It was established that institutions are slow to implement their use while lecturers are slow to adapt to their use. Other barriers to the integration of instructional technology into higher education that were identified included poor technology infrastructure, lack of proper institutional policies on ICT use and minimal low computer use competency. Further, many higher online educational institutions had failed due to the high cost of technology, poor decisions, competition, and the absence of a business strategy. Consequently, many universities that provide e-learning face enormous difficulty in achieving successful strategies, including the delivery, effectiveness, and acceptance of the courses. To effectively utilise ICT in tourism teaching and learning in Higher Education Institutions (IHEIs) will require proper network infrastructures, increased computer to student ratios, good Internet connectivity speeds with high availability as well as technical support for the users. There is also a need for a change in the tourism curriculum to integrate the use of ICTs in teaching and learning while at the same time, enhance policies that recognise and award those who use of ICTs for teaching.

This study focuses on how students of vocational courses related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) perceive the use they make of technologies in their learning. A questionnaire survey was applied in classroom to 314 students from 4 private and public schools, with the aim of understanding if the students recognize benefits in the use of ICT in teaching and learning, by answering the 34 premises presented to them. Most students recognize benefits from the use of ICT in teaching considering it improves and facilitates learning. They recognize the need to improve the pedagogical use of ICT and that teachers from the scientific and sociocultural components still make little use of the technologies in the classroom. These students consider that the courses they take prepare them to integrate the labor market, indicating good practices in learning with and from technologies in the technical classes. The premises about the disadvantages and obstacles resulting from the use of ICT were the ones that gathered the lowest consensus among students. They consider that the use of ICT is essential in learning and preparing to work with ICT and in a broader sense to live in a society of information and knowledge.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching and learning in secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the ICT adoption level, examine the teachers' training in the use of ICT, determine the ICT infrastructural capacity, and find out the teachers' perception of adopting ICT in public secondary schools in Nairobi County.
 Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population comprised 475 teachers and 19 principals in secondary schools in Kasarani and Westland's sub-counties, which were randomly sampled. The sample comprised 164 teachers and 19 principals from 19 secondary schools drawn from the chosen sub-counties. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0) was used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data were grouped into themes and analyzed thematically.
 Findings: The study found that secondary schools needed to be aware of the advantages of ICT tools to boost learning. Regarding ICT infrastructure, most schools examined had very few computers, which exacerbates the problem considering that most schools in these two sub-counties were county schools. According to the findings, most teachers and students needed easy access to computers for teaching and learning. Furthermore, the study revealed that most secondary school teachers had a positive attitude toward using ICT in teaching and learning. The study found that teachers supported the need for students to use ICT as a tool for practice and learning.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The research indicated that appropriate administrative practices by school heads, teacher attitude, and the degree of teachers' ICT knowledge and abilities all significantly impacted the use of ICT in teaching and learning. The study recommends that secondary schools engage in technology education and training, and that the government and other education stakeholders support regular teacher ICT training to modify their view of using ICT tools in secondary school for teaching and learning. This study may be helpful for both the county and national governments in supporting secondary schools in terms of ICT.

The effectiveness of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in teaching and learning is germane to the recent educational innovations in South Africa. The study examined the level of availability and utilisation of ICT facilities by teachers and students in high schools in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa as well as the factors influencing and challenging its effectiveness. A random sampling technique was adopted to select a sample of 600 (450 students and 150 teachers) for the study. Four research questions were answered with the aid of self-developed instruments tagged Teachers’ Questionnaire on Effectiveness of ICTs in Teaching and Learning (TQEICTTL) and Students’ Questionnaire on Effectiveness of ICTs in Teaching and Learning (SQEICTTL). Frequency and a simple percentage were used to analyse the data obtained. It was revealed that the highest available ICT facilities in all selected schools were mobile phones being used by students to download relevant information on their various courses and exchange ideas and knowledge among other students. It was, therefore, recommended that government play an active role in the effectiveness of the use of ICTs by funding ICTs in schools through training and re-training of teachers and exposure of stakeholders to the relevance of the pedagogy relating to the use of ICTs for teaching and learning. Keywords: effectiveness; high schools; Information Communication Technologies (ICTs); learning; South Africa; students; teachers; teaching and learning; utilisation

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education has become an important topic in optimizing human resources in schools. This article aims to provide an overview of the benefits and challenges of utilizing ICT in education, and how ICT can improve the quality of human resources in schools. The research method used in this article is a literature review conducted by studying references related to the use of ICT in education. The results and discussion show that the use of ICT in education can provide significant benefits, such as facilitating teachers in presenting teaching materials, providing access to more diverse information and learning materials, and improving interactions between teachers and students. However, there are challenges and barriers in utilizing ICT, such as accessibility problems to ICT infrastructure and difficulties in operating ICT devices. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the accessibility and infrastructure of ICT in schools, as well as providing training and developing the competencies of teachers and students in operating ICT devices. In conclusion, this article presents useful information for the development of education in Indonesia, especially in terms of the utilization of ICT as a means to improve the quality of human resources in schools. With appropriate efforts, the use of ICT in education can provide more optimal and sustainable benefits for the improvement of human resources in schools.

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been admired worldwide for decades. The impact of ICT in teaching and learning is an interesting point which must be known to find the output. With the aim, the present study was focused on exhaustive literature review on the use of ICT in teaching and learning in Indian scene. The search was made using ICT tool itself e.g. internet and institutional library. Google and Google scholar were used as primary search engines. Results retrieved from the search were filtered and confined to India (2010-2020) only to make this review focused in the Indian scenario only. The finding of the work revealed the positive effect of the use of ICT in teaching and learning. Further, it has also been observed that use of ICT in developing countries like India is at lesser side as compare to developed countries. As such reviews (study) are scare, this would be a pathfinder to others to carry out more and more studies to know the worldwide impact of ICT.

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) had caused changes in the way teachers and students live in educational institutions. The study assessed the utilization of ICT in secondary science classes. It made use of the descriptive research design. Data gathered from 130 science teachers in 17 secondary schools in three divisions of Ilocos Sur reveal that there are inadequate ICT tools in the schools for teaching purposes. The most common software owned by the respondents was the mobile device. The general office suites most commonly available were the word processing and spreadsheet. The respondents were not very much confident in the use of ICT tools and equipment. However, they had an extremely positive attitude on the use of ICT in teaching. Moreover, ICT applications were not much utilized by the respondents and ICT was not also much utilized in the teaching-learning process. The most common major obstacle in the use of ICT in teaching was the lack of digital resources in the school. The most felt training needs of the respondents was multimedia operations and advanced internet. Confidence in the use of ICT and possession of social networking accounts were the best predictors of the level of utilization of ICT in the teaching-learning process. Keywords-Information and Communication Technology, secondary science teachers, educational technology, Ilocos Sur.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have the potential to enhance teaching and learning and influence the development of students’ digital competencies. However, harnessing the potential of ICT in a way that contributes to positive student outcomes poses a challenge for many teachers. The question arises as to whether providing adequate ICT infrastructure in schools facilitates access and, therefore, the use of ICT in teaching. Additionally, it is significant to examine the role of teachers’ knowledge and beliefs in this context. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between teachers’ perception of ICT infrastructure in schools, ICT self-efficacy, and ICT integration. The study involved 590 teachers from primary and secondary schools in Serbia. By conducting multiple regression analysis, significant effects of teachers’ ICT self-efficacy and perception of available ICT equipment in schools on the use of ICT in teaching activities were obtained. ICT self-efficacy explains the criterion variable to a greater extent. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and practice.

Information and communication technology (ICT) in education refers to the utilization of information and communications technology to support, enhance, and optimize the delivery of information within the educational field. As the global landscape continues to expand, the significance of incorporating ICT in education has grown exponentially. It is crucial for teachers to possess the ability to employ ICT effectively in order to integrate their students' learning experiences and adequately prepare them for the challenges they will face in the future. While the integration of ICT in education offers benefits such as the creation of effective lessons, classroom management, and improved stakeholder communication, its successful implementation hinges upon teachers' possession of the requisite skills, knowledge, and willingness. The objective of this study is to evaluate the attitudes and preparedness of Tamil medium teachers in Sri Lanka with regard to their utilization of ICT in teaching and learning. Various previous studies have examined the use of ICT in education, encompassing investigations into teachers' attitudes and integration of ICT, training in International Computer Driving License (ICDL), and factors that influence teachers' adoption of ICT. However, this study focuses specifically on the readiness of Tamil medium teachers in Sri Lanka, an area that has yet to be thoroughly explored in previous research. A survey was conducted among 400 teachers, revealing that the majority exhibited a positive outlook toward the adoption of ICT and displayed a willingness to incorporate it into their teaching and learning processes. Nevertheless, teachers encountered difficulties when attempting to integrate ICT due to the economic crisis prevailing in the country. Consequently, it is imperative for the government and pertinent authorities to ensure the accessibility of affordable ICT equipment for both teachers and students. This study emphasizes the significance of assessing teachers' readiness and attitudes toward the implementation of ICT in their teaching and learning practices in order to ensure its successful integration.

Ample research exists on barriers to the use of computers as a form of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in teaching. The most common barrier reported to prevent teachers from using computers in teaching is the lack of resources. However when resources are available, ICTs are still often not effectively integrated into teaching. This study explored how teacher beliefs relate to the use of ICTs for three purposefully selected teachers of Natural Sciences in a public school well resourced for ICT. This study, therefore, considered under-explored intrinsic factors that contribute to ICT usage in a technology-rich context. The theoretical framework for this study merged the Hew and Brush model with the Vickers Framework which shows the relationships among various factors, including beliefs about the pedagogical use of technology, that affect the use of ICTs in teaching and learning. A qualitative, multiple case study approach was used and data were collected using questionnaires, lesson observations and semi-structured interviews. The lesson observations and interviews were recorded and transcribed in full. The analysis of data involved coding and thematic categorisation for each case and across cases. The findings suggest that within a technology-rich context, extrinsic factors play a minor role whereas the intrinsic factor, namely beliefs, plays a major role in teachers’ ways of using ICTs in science teaching. Beliefs emerge and are influenced by three factors, namely, value judgement, reality judgement and action judgement. Value judgements, such as those based on the beliefs about the important role of the teacher and beliefs about the nature of teaching, have the largest influence on the way teachers use ICTs in the classroom, while reality judgements and action judgements are also influential to an extent. The study recommends that ICT use in schooling still needs consistent support in cultivating positive ICT-related teacher beliefs and that further research on intrinsic barriers encountered in technology-rich contexts is required.

Information and communication technology (ICT) greatly influences teaching and learning in higher education by facilitating both the instructional and learning processes. Although Studies have been conducted on the use of ICT in teaching and learning in developed countries, of which most of the findings indicated significant positive relationship between knowledge of ICT and professional development in teacher education program, very few studies have been carried out in Nigeria on college lecturers’ awareness and utilization of ICT in teaching and learning in Nigeria institutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate lecturers’ level of awareness of ICT and ICT utilization for teaching Health Education in Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted. A total of 515 respondents were chosen through a multistage sampling technique. Respondent completed The Information and Communication Technology Competencies for Teachers Questionnaire (QICTT). Findings of this study showed that lecturer’s knowledge of ICT is relatively high. Notwithstanding, they hardly utilized ICT resources for teaching Health Education courses. Result further indicated that there was a significant difference in lecturer’s knowledge of ICT and utilization of ICT in teaching Health Education (t=76.359, df=59, p<0.05). Lecturer’s knowledge of ICT had a greater mean of 21.0000 while utilization had a mean of 11.51556, indicating a mean difference of 9.4844. Going by the findings of this study, it is important to place emphasis on attitudinal change of lecturers towards the use of information and communication technology. This is because attitudes towards the use of ICT appears to be a major factor that determines whether a potential users would utilize ICT or not. Therefore, there is a need for training and re training of college lecturers on attitudinal change towards the use of ICT.