Abstract
Introduction: Population aging is a global phenomenon that has grown rapidly and progressively all over the world. Interventions that promote health must be studied and implemented to make the aging process be with quality of life. Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health conditions that compromise the quality of life on the elderly and it can cause damage to the autonomy and activities of daily life. Mindfulness training has been shown to improve psychological health and quality of life on adults. Studies involving Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) with older people are scarce in the literature, but they have been increasing in recent years showing promising results for healthy aging. This trial will investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an MBI on the quality of life of elderly assisted in the Primary Care.Materials and Methods: A cohort-nested randomized controlled trial with 3 assessment points (baseline, post-intervention and 1-year follow up) will be conducted to compare a MBI program (Mindfulness-Based Health Promotion) to a cognitive stimulation control-group in a Primary Care facility. One-hundred and two older adults will be recruited from a cohort of this facility and they will be randomized and allocated into an intervention group (N = 76) and the control group (N = 76). The primary outcome evaluated will be the improvement of quality of life assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD. The secondary outcomes will be cognitive function, psychological health, sleep quality, self-compassion, and religiosity. Qualitative data will be assessed by focus group and the word free evocation technique. The feasibility of the program will also be evaluated by adherence and unwanted effects questionnaires.Discussion: This cohort-nested clinical trial will be the first mixed-methods study with 3 assessment points which will study the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a mindfulness-based program for older people in Latin America population. If the findings of this study confirm the effectiveness of this program in this population it will be possible to consider it as intervention that might be implemented as public policy addressed to older people in healthcare systems.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03048708. Registered retrospectively on October 11th 2018.
Highlights
Population aging is a global phenomenon that has grown rapidly and progressively all over the world
One hundred fifty-two participants will be recruited from the cohort and randomized into the following two experimental groups: (I) Mindfulness-Based Health Promotion (MBHP) intervention group (76 participants) in which the elderly will have a weekly meeting of an hour and 30 min for 8 weeks to perform the Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) (MBHP protocol) accompanied by extra four 1-h meetings through a maintenance group with all participants after the eighth week, totaling a 4-month (16-week) intervention; (II) cognitive stimulation control group (76 participants) of elderly who will take computer-based cognitive stimulation classes for 4 months, once-a-week 1.5-h meetings without maintenance phase, totaling 16 weeks
The MBHP-Elderly Study will assess the effects of the MBHP program on quality of life, cognitive function, psychological health, mindfulness, sleep quality, self-compassion, and spirituality at three assessments points to investigate the potential gains of the intervention and if it is maintained over time
Summary
Studies involving Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) with older people are scarce in the literature, but they have been increasing in recent years showing promising results for healthy aging This trial will investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an MBI on the quality of life of elderly assisted in the Primary Care. Population aging is a global phenomenon that has grown rapidly and progressively all over the world because of factors such as increased life expectancy and declining birth rates Brazil has followed this trend with a speed slightly higher than the world growth pattern [1], which has called attention both in scientific research and in the perspective of necessary public policies that promote health and quality of life to attend this demand. Studies show that the better the ADLs, the better the quality of life [6,7,8,9]
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