Abstract
The ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, is a commercially important aquaculture species in the southeast coast of mainland China. The middle veliger stage, later veliger stage, and juvenile stage are distinct larval stages in B. areolata development. In this study, we used label-free quantification proteomics analysis of the three developmental stages of B. areolata. We identified a total of 5,583 proteins, of which 1,419 proteins expression level showed significant differential expression. The results of gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes were the most abundant. Those proteins mostly had functions such as binding, catalytic activity and transporter activity. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in the ribosome, carbon metabolism, and lysosome pathways were the most abundant, indicating that protein synthesis and the immune response were active during the three stages of development. This is the first study to use proteomics and real-time PCR to study the early developmental stages of B. areolata, which could provide relevant data on gastropod development. Our results provide insights into the novel aspects of protein function in shell formation, body torsion, changes in feeding habits, attachment and metamorphosis, immune-related activities in B. areolata larvae.
Highlights
The ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, is a commercially important aquaculture species in the southeast coast of mainland China
The middle veliger stage is a pelagic life for 1–2 d and the average shell height of the middle veliger larvae is about 520 μm, and the late veliger stage is characterized by a more rapid heartbeat and larger and elongated foot (Fig. 1a)
This study mainly focused on the three developmental stages of B. areolata, namely the veliger stage of larval B. areolata before and after attachment, and the juvenile stage
Summary
The ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, is a commercially important aquaculture species in the southeast coast of mainland China. The results of gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes were the most abundant. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in the ribosome, carbon metabolism, and lysosome pathways were the most abundant, indicating that protein synthesis and the immune response were active during the three stages of development. This is the first study to use proteomics and real-time PCR to study the early developmental stages of B. areolata, which could provide relevant data on gastropod development. After 10–12 d at 27. 5–28. 5 °C, the late veliger stage sinks to the substratum and leads a benthic life, the velum gradually degenerates and atrophies, and the veliger completes its metamorphosis and enters the juvenile snail stage, which is marked by the ability to creeping and the appearance of brown stripes on the shell[17]
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