Abstract
Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) is collected noninvasively using breast massage and a modified breast pump. The fluid contains concentrated proteins from the ductal and lobular epithelium, the source of 99% of breast cancers. The analysis of NAF has identified a number of proteins associated with the presence of breast cancer, none of which is sufficiently sensitive and specific when analyzed by itself to be clinically useful. The assessment of multiple NAF markers provides great promise in using this body fluid for early breast cancer detection. In this review, the strengths and weakness of various approaches to protein assessment in NAF are discussed.Key wordsNipple aspirate fluidenzyme-linked immunosorbent assayradioimmunoassaysurface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometrypolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
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