Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by blood clot formation and consequent vessel blockage. Proteomic approaches provide a cost-effective alternative to current diagnostic methods, including computerized tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To identify diagnostic biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke risk factors, we performed individual proteomic analysis of serum taken from 20 healthy controls and 20 ischemic stroke patients. We then performed SWATH analysis, a data-independent method, to assess quantitative changes in protein expression between the two experimental conditions. Our analysis identified several candidate protein biomarkers, 11 of which were validated by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis as novel diagnostic biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke risk factors. Our study identifies new biomarkers associated with the risk factors and pathogenesis of ischemic stroke which, to the best of our knowledge, were previously unknown. These markers may be effective in not only the diagnosis but also the prevention and management of ischemic stroke.
Highlights
Ischemic stroke, which may cause permanent disability [1], is caused by various conditions, such as high blood pressure [2], diabetes [3], and heart problems [4], and can manifest suddenly following blocked or burst blood vessels [5]
Blood clotting results from various causes, including arteriosclerosis and cardiac embolism, and is associated with blood vessel damage caused by a myriad of risk factors, which promote the activity of procoagulants involved in blood coagulation [10]
F9, F2, and fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), which were selected as potential biomarker candidates in this study, are the major factors involved in coagulation
Summary
Ischemic stroke, which may cause permanent disability [1], is caused by various conditions, such as high blood pressure [2], diabetes [3], and heart problems [4], and can manifest suddenly following blocked or burst blood vessels [5]. Biomarkers include factors with the capacity to objectively predict therapeutic responses or discriminate between the physiological and pathological conditions [6] and are categorized based. The developmental processes for novel biomarkers fall into two main categories: discovery and validation processes [7]. The discovery process identifies candidate biomarkers, wherein most experiments are processed using a label-free quantification method, which is one of the most commonly used methods for comparing different groups after pooling samples [8]
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