Abstract
Background Insomnia is an economic burden and public health problem. This study is aimed at exploring potential biological pathways and protein networks for insomnia characterized by wakefulness after sleep. Method Proteomics analysis was performed in the insomnia group with wakefulness and the control group. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched; then, hub proteins were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Results Compared with the control group, the sleep time and efficiency of insomnia patients were decreased, and awakening time and numbers after sleep onset were significantly increased (P < 0.001). The results of proteomic sequencing found 68 DEPs in serum under 1.2-fold changed standard. These DEPs were significantly enriched in humoral immune response, complement and coagulation cascades, and cholesterol metabolism. Through the PPI network, we identified 10 proteins with the highest connectivity as hub proteins. Among them, the differential expression of 9 proteins was verified by PRM. Conclusion We identified the hub proteins and molecular mechanisms of insomnia patients characterized by wakefulness after sleep. It provided potential molecular targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these patients and indicated that the immune and metabolic systems may be closely related to insomnia characterized by wakefulness after sleep.
Highlights
Insomnia is defined as the difficulty in starting or maintaining sleep or nonrestorative sleep and the consequences of the day, such as fatigue, reduced attention, or daytime distress [1]
Compared with those with good sleep, insomnia patients were significantly worse in sleep quality and sleep time (PSQI, sleep efficiency, awakening time, and numbers) (P < 0:001)
In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network composed of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), we identified 10 proteins with the highest degree of connectivity, and the differential expression of 9 proteins was verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)
Summary
Insomnia is defined as the difficulty in starting or maintaining sleep or nonrestorative sleep and the consequences of the day, such as fatigue, reduced attention, or daytime distress [1]. The mechanisms for the development and maintenance of insomnia are crucial for identifying treatment and prevention strategies to improve insomnia and its associated incidence rate. The results of proteomic sequencing found 68 DEPs in serum under 1.2-fold changed standard These DEPs were significantly enriched in humoral immune response, complement and coagulation cascades, and cholesterol metabolism. We identified the hub proteins and molecular mechanisms of insomnia patients characterized by wakefulness after sleep. It provided potential molecular targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these patients and indicated that the immune and metabolic systems may be closely related to insomnia characterized by wakefulness after sleep
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