Proteomic characterization of serum proteins from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from an outbreak with cardiomyopathy syndrome

Janina Z Costa,Jorge Del Pozo,Neil Inglis,Kim D Thompson,Philippe Sourd,Kevin Mclean,Andrei Bordeianu

doi:10.1111/jfd.13488

Janina Z Costa, Jorge Del Pozo + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13488

Copy DOI

Abstract

Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS), caused by piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), is a serious challenge to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) aquaculture. Regrettably, husbandry techniques are the only tool to manage CMS outbreaks, and no prophylactic measures are available at present. Early diagnosis of CMS is therefore desirable, preferably with non-lethal diagnostic methods, such as serum biomarkers. To identify candidate biomarkers for CMS, the protein content of pools of sera (4 fish/pool) from salmon with a CMS outbreak (3 pools) and from clinically healthy salmon (3 pools) was compared using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Overall, seven proteins were uniquely identified in the sera of clinically healthy fish, while 27 proteins were unique to the sera of CMS fish. Of the latter, 24 have been associated with cardiac disease in humans. These were grouped as leakage enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase and carbonic anhydrase); host reaction proteins (acute-phase response proteins-haptoglobin, fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin and ceruloplasmin; and complement-related proteins); and regeneration/remodelling proteins (fibronectin, lumican and retinol). Clinical evaluation of the suitability of these proteins as biomarkers of CMS, either individually or as part of a panel, is a logical next step for the development of early diagnostic tools for CMS.

Highlights

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is one of the most economically important aquaculture species produced in Europe
Its production is affected by several cardiac diseases of viral origin, which significantly impact on the industry’s production, namely cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) caused by piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV), and heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) caused by piscine orthoreovirus (PRV)
Forty four fish were sampled from a pen in a farm with a known ungoing Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) outbreak.The sera werecollected from moribund fish displaying macroscopic lesions consistent with CMS, which had PMCV RNA in tissues and/or serum

Summary

Introduction

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is one of the most economically important aquaculture species produced in Europe. CMS can present acutely with sudden mortalities due to cardiac failure without previous clinical signs; or with chronic clinical signs including exophthalmos, cutaneous haemorrhages and raised scales with moderate protracted mortality (Ferguson et al, 1990, Brun et al, 2003). This variability in the presentation and outcomes of CMS render its management, mortality and costs mitigation very challenging in the field, especially in the absence of prophylactic strategies

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion