Abstract
BackgroundSugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is an important virus pathogen in crop production, causing serious losses in grain and forage yields in susceptible cultivars. Control strategies have been developed, but only marginal successes have been achieved. For the efficient control of this virus, a better understanding of its interactions and associated resistance mechanisms at the molecular level is required.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe responses of resistant and susceptible genotypes of maize to SCMV and the molecular basis of the resistance were studied using a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) analysis. Ninety-six protein spots showed statistically significant differences in intensity after SCMV inoculation. The classification of differentially expressed proteins showed that SCMV-responsive proteins were mainly involved in energy and metabolism, stress and defense responses, and photosynthesis. Most of the proteins identified were located in chloroplasts, chloroplast membranes, and the cytoplasm. Analysis of changes in phytohormone levels after virus inoculation suggested that salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and azelaic acid may played important roles in the maize response to SCMV infection.Conclusions/SignificanceAmong these identified proteins, 19 have not been identified previously as virus-responsive proteins, and seven were new and did not have assigned functions. These proteins may be candidate proteins for future investigation, and they may present new biological functions and play important roles in plant-virus interactions. The behavioural patterns of the identified proteins suggest the existence of defense mechanisms operating during the early stages of infection that differed in two genotypes. In addition, there are overlapping and specific phytohormone responses to SCMV infection between resistant and susceptible maize genotypes. This study may provide important insights into the molecular events during plant responses to virus infection.
Highlights
The global population has more than doubled, from 3 billion in 1959 to 6.7 billion in 2009 and it is predicted that the human population will reach 8.7 to 11.3 billion by the year 2050
When symptom progression was monitored over a prolonged period of time (30 dpi), all Mo17 plants with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) inoculation showed severe symptoms (The leaves become more yellow and maize plant become severe stunting), while Siyi plants were symptomless throughout the same time period
The proteomic approach based on protein separation and statistical analysis followed by protein identification has demonstrated outstanding utility to search for potential biomarkers related to the maize response to the SCMV
Summary
The global population has more than doubled, from 3 billion in 1959 to 6.7 billion in 2009 and it is predicted that the human population will reach 8.7 to 11.3 billion by the year 2050. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) was first reported in Ohio, United States in 1963. It belongs to the sugarcane mosaic subgroup of the Potyviridae, together with maize dwarf mosaic virus, Johnsongrass mosaic virus, sorghum mosaic virus, and Zea mosaic virus. While SCMV has been known for a long time, it still remains a threat to the agricultural and livestock industry [4]. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is an important virus pathogen in crop production, causing serious losses in grain and forage yields in susceptible cultivars. For the efficient control of this virus, a better understanding of its interactions and associated resistance mechanisms at the molecular level is required
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