Abstract
Kandelia candel is one of the mangrove species that are most resistant to environmental stress. As a typical nonsalt-secreting mangrove plant, K. candel is an ideal biological material to analyze the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in woody plants. In this study, changes in protein abundance and expression profile in K. candel roots under high-salinity stress of 600 mmol L-1 NaCl were analyzed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) assay. Moreover, the physiological parameters associated with metabolic pathways in which the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) are involved were determined. A total of 5577 proteins were identified by iTRAQ analysis of the K. candel root proteins, of which 227 were DAPs with a fold change ratio >1.2 or a fold change ratio <0.83 and a P-value <0.05. A total of 227 DAPs consisting of 110 up-regulated and 117 down-regulated proteins were identified. Our Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the DAPs were primarily involved in biological processes including carbohydrate and energy metabolisms, stress response and defense, cell wall structure, and secondary metabolism. The results of the physiological parameters showed that their profile changes were consistent with those of the proteome analysis. The results of the proteome and physiological parameters showed that K. candel roots could resist high-salinity stress by maintaining a normal Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and tricarboxylic acid (EMP-TCA) pathway, increasing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant contents, stabilizing the cell wall structure, and accumulating secondary metabolites such as triterpenoids.
Highlights
Salt stress is one of the primary abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and global crop yields (Miyazaki et al, 2007; Song et al, 2011)
The results showed that the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the K. candel roots subjected to NaCl treatment were significantly enriched in enzymatic activities, carbohydrate metabolism, cell periphery, extracellular area, cell wall, and other functional items (Supplementary Figure 1)
Carbohydrate and energy metabolisms It has been found that 9.9%, 21%, and 34.7% of the DAPs participate in carbohydrate and energy metabolisms in response to salt stress in Raphanus sativus roots and Musa paradisiaca and A. marina leaves, respectively (Sun et al, 2017; Shen et al, 2018b; Ji et al, 2019)
Summary
Salt stress is one of the primary abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and global crop yields (Miyazaki et al, 2007; Song et al, 2011). A high-salinity environment can cause ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, and oxidative damage to plant cells, affect photosynthetic biological processes, respiration, and energy metabolism, and eventually leads to plant growth arrest or even death. It is very important to study the salt tolerance mechanisms of plants, excavate salt tolerance genes, and cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties. Proteomics technology provides an effective method for studying plant adaptation to abiotic stresses; it has been widely used to understand the molecular mechanisms of plant salt stress (Tuteja, 2007; Soni et al, 2015).
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