Proteomic Analysis of the Effect of Inorganic and Organic Chemicals on Silver Nanoparticles in Wheat.

Hafiz Jhanzab,Abdul Razzaq,Farhat Yasmeen,Hisateru Yamaguchi,Yamin Bibi,Keisuke Hitachi,Setsuko Komatsu,Kunihiro Tsuchida

doi:10.3390/ijms20040825

Abstract

Production and utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) are increasing due to their positive and stimulating effects on biological systems. Silver (Ag) NPs improve seed germination, photosynthetic efficiency, plant growth, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the effects of chemo-blended Ag NPs on wheat were investigated using the gel-free/label-free proteomic technique. Morphological analysis revealed that chemo-blended Ag NPs resulted in the increase of shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root length, and root fresh weight. Proteomic analysis indicated that proteins related to photosynthesis and protein synthesis were increased, while glycolysis, signaling, and cell wall related proteins were decreased. Proteins related to redox and mitochondrial electron transport chain were also decreased. Glycolysis associated proteins such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase increased as well as decreased, while phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase was decreased. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were promoted in response to the chemo-blended Ag NPs. These results suggested that chemo-blended Ag NPs promoted plant growth and development through regulation of energy metabolism by suppression of glycolysis. Number of grains/spike, 100-grains weight, and yield of wheat were stimulated with chemo-blended Ag NPs. Morphological study of next generational wheat plants depicted normal growth, and no toxic effects were observed. Therefore, morphological, proteomic, yield, and next generation results revealed that chemo-blended Ag NPs may promote plant growth and development through alteration in plant metabolism.

Highlights

Advancement in nanotechnology has led to the production of nanoparticles (NPs), which are extensively used in diversifying a range of applications and products [1]
Individual effects of Ag NPs have been reported; Ag NPs mixed with organic and inorganic chemicals have not been reported earlier. These results revealed that Ag NPs can promote plant growth; fate and translocation of NPs to food chain needed more exploration
Treatment of Ag NPs caused variation of proteins associated to endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole indicating the target organelles of Ag NPs [37]. These results indicated that chemo-blended Ag NPs increased protein synthesis that lead to increased growth and development of plants

Summary

Introduction

Advancement in nanotechnology has led to the production of nanoparticles (NPs), which are extensively used in diversifying a range of applications and products [1]. NPs are atomic or molecular aggregates characterized by their small size of less than 100 nm [2] and have larger surface areas that radically modify their physicochemical properties in comparison to the bulk material [3]. Exposure of NPs to plants resulted in cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to both positive and negative effects [4]. Activity of NPs depends upon size, composition, surface area, and nature of metal materials [5]. Over production and utilization of NPs have raised serious concern about their impacts on the ecosystem [6]. The size and concentration of NPs are responsible for their interaction with other materials and have diverse effects on plants [7]. Interaction of NPs with plants and environment needs investigation

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Discussion

Conclusion