Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that limits crop productivity in many regions of the world. A comparative proteomic approach to identify salt stress-responsive proteins and to understand the molecular mechanisms was carried out in the woody halophyte Kandelia candel. Four-leaf-old K. candel seedlings were exposed to 150 (control), 300, 450, and 600 mM NaCl for 3 days. Proteins extracted from the leaves of K. candel seedlings were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). More than 900 protein spots were detected on each gel, and 53 differentially expressed protein spots were located with at least two-fold differences in abundance on 2-DE maps, of which 48 were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS). The results showed that K. candel could withstand up to 450 mM NaCl stress by up-regulating proteins that are mainly involved in photosynthesis, respiration and energy metabolism, Na+ compartmentalization, protein folding and assembly, and signal transduction. Physiological data, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radicals (O2 −) contents, as well as Na+ content and K+/Na+ ratios all correlated well with our proteomic results. This study provides new global insights into woody halophyte salt stress responses. Identification of differentially expressed proteins promotes better understanding of the molecular basis for salt stress reduction in K. candel.
Highlights
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that pose a severe threat to agricultural productivity in many global regions [1]
The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity peaked in response to 450 mM NaCl (356% of the control) (Figure 1A), whereas the dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity peaked at 300 mM (155% of the control) (Figure 1B)
We provided a comprehensive proteome dynamics of the leaves in the woody halophyte K. candel under salt stress
Summary
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that pose a severe threat to agricultural productivity in many global regions [1]. Some studies investigated the changes in gene expressions under salt stress [18,19,20,21]. Understanding how different levels of protein abundance form the basis of salt tolerance mechanisms in mangroves will shed new light and give a new dimension to salt stress research. Two studies reported effects of long term salt stress (12 d and 45 d, respectively) on the abundance of proteins in mangrove, B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam [36,37]. Zhu et al [37] reported that photosynthesis-related proteins and antioxidant enzymes in the leaves were up-regulated by 200 mM NaCl and down-regulated by 500 mM NaCl suggesting that the salt-responsive mechanisms in B. gymnorrhiza at these NaCl concentrations were different
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