Abstract
BackgroundFusarium wilt of banana is one of the most destructive diseases in the world. This disease has caused heavy losses in major banana production areas. Except for molecular breeding methods based on plant defense mechanisms, effective methods to control the disease are still lacking. Dynamic changes in defense mechanisms between susceptible, moderately resistant, and highly resistant banana and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc4) at the protein level remain unknown. This research reports the proteomic profile of three banana cultivars in response to Foc4 and transcriptional levels correlated with their sequences for the design of disease control strategies by molecular breeding.ResultsThirty-eight differentially expressed proteins were identified to function in cell metabolism. Most of these proteins were positively regulated after Foc4 inoculation. These differentially regulated proteins were found to have important functions in banana defense response. Functional categories implicated that these proteins were associated with pathogenesis-related (PR) response; isoflavonoid, flavonoid, and anthocyanin syntheses; cell wall strengthening; cell polarization; reactive oxygen species production and scavenging; jasmonic acid-, abscisic acid-, and auxin-mediated signaling conduction; molecular chaperones; energy; and primary metabolism. By comparing the protein profiles of resistant and susceptible banana cultivars, many proteins showed obvious distinction in their defense mechanism functions. PR proteins in susceptible ‘Brazil’ were mainly involved in defense. The proteins related to PR response, cell wall strengthening and antifungal compound synthesis in moderately resistant ‘Nongke No.1’ were mainly involved in defense. The proteins related to PR response, cell wall strengthening, and antifungal compound synthesis in highly resistant ‘Yueyoukang I’ were mainly involved in defense. 12 differentially regulated genes were selected to validate through quantitative real time PCR method. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses of these selected genes corroborate with their respective protein abundance after pathogen infection.ConclusionsThis report is the first to use proteomic profiling to study the molecular mechanism of banana roots infected with Foc4. The differentially regulated proteins involved in different defense pathways are likely associated with different resistant levels of the three banana cultivars.
Highlights
Fusarium wilt of banana is one of the most destructive diseases in the world
This report is the first to use proteomic profiling to study the molecular mechanism of banana roots infected with Foc4
Less necrotic symptoms occurred in the roots of moderately resistant ‘Nongke No.1’, and only a few lateral roots grew from the main roots
Summary
Fusarium wilt of banana is one of the most destructive diseases in the world. This disease has caused heavy losses in major banana production areas. This research reports the proteomic profile of three banana cultivars in response to Foc and transcriptional levels correlated with their sequences for the design of disease control strategies by molecular breeding. The annual production and attribute of banana are greatly reduced by various infectious diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Among these diseases, the Fusarium wilt of banana (a.k.a. panama disease) is the most important lethal disease; this disease is caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. Among the four races of F. oxysporum, race 4 has been thought to be a major threat to the production of banana because it can affect almost all cultivars, except those infected with tropical race 1 and tropical race 2 [5]
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