Abstract
BackgroundMany adult tissues contain a population of stem cells with the ability to regenerate structures similar to the microenvironments from which they are derived in vivo and represent a promising therapy for the regeneration of complex tissues in the clinical disorder. Human adult stem cells (SCs) including bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been characterized for their high proliferative potential, expression of characteristic SC-associated markers and for the plasticity to differentiate in different lineage in vitro.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe aim of this study is to define the molecular features of stem cells from oral tissue by comparing the proteomic profiles obtained with 2-DE followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF of ex-vivo cultured human PDLSCs, DPSCs and BMSCs. Our results showed qualitative similarities in the proteome profiles among the SCs examined including some significant quantitative differences. To enrich the knowledge of oral SCs proteome we performed an analysis in narrow range pH 4–7 and 6–9, and we found that DPSCs vs PDLSCs express differentially regulated proteins that are potentially related to growth, regulation and genesis of neuronal cells, suggesting that SCs derived from oral tissue source populations may possess the potential ability of neuronal differentiation which is very consistent with their neural crest origin.Conclusion/SignificanceThis study identifies some differentially expressed proteins by using comparative analysis between DPSCs and PDLSCs and BMSCs and suggests that stem cells from oral tissue could have a different cell lineage potency compared to BMSCs.
Highlights
Human adult stem cells (SCs), identified in the stromal tissue like bone marrow, spleen, and thymus, are postnatal stem cells able to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages as bone, cartilage, tendon, skeleton muscle, neuron and oral tissue [1].Though SCs have a great regenerative ability, their application in dental therapy is still problematic [2].It is well known that tooth development occurs through mutually inductive signaling between oral epithelial and ectomesenchymal cells originating from migrating neural crest cells, a multipotent cell population derived from the lateral ridges of the neural plate during craniofacial development [3]
Our results indicate that N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) and Citrate synthase (CISY) are up-regulated in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) compared to bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), as displayed in figure 3
Recent studies have suggested that human bone marrow and dental pulp as well as periodontal ligament tissue contain a niche of postnatal stem cells able to differentiate in various cell types as osteoblasts, odontoblasts, cementoblasts, adypocites and neuronal cells [8,9,10,17,18,19,20]
Summary
Human adult stem cells (SCs), identified in the stromal tissue like bone marrow, spleen, and thymus, are postnatal stem cells able to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages as bone, cartilage, tendon, skeleton muscle, neuron and oral tissue [1].Though SCs have a great regenerative ability, their application in dental therapy is still problematic [2].It is well known that tooth development occurs through mutually inductive signaling between oral epithelial and ectomesenchymal cells originating from migrating neural crest cells, a multipotent cell population derived from the lateral ridges of the neural plate during craniofacial development [3]. To date 5 different human dental stem cells have been described in literature: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) [5,6], stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) [7], periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) [8,9], stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) [10], and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) [11]. These cells are intimately associated with dental tissues and accessible. Human adult stem cells (SCs) including bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been characterized for their high proliferative potential, expression of characteristic SC-associated markers and for the plasticity to differentiate in different lineage in vitro
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