Abstract
BackgroundThe fat components of red meat products have been of interest to researchers due to the health aspects of excess fat consumption by humans. We hypothesized that differences in protein expression have an impact on adipose tissue formation during beef cattle development and growth. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the differences in the discernable proteome of subcutaneous adipose tissues of 35 beef crossbred steers [Charolais × Red Angus (CHAR) (n = 13) and Hereford × Angus (HEAN) (n = 22)] with different back fat (BF) thicknesses. The goal was to identify specific protein markers that could be associated with adipose tissue formation in beef cows.ResultsApproximately 541-580 protein spots were detected and compared in each crossbred group, and 33 and 36 protein spots showed expression differences between tissues with high and low BF thicknesses from HEAN and CHAR crossbed, respectively. The annexin 1 protein was highly expressed in both crossbred steers that had a higher BF thickness (p < 0.05) and this was further validated by a western blot analysis. In 13 tissues of CHAR animals and 22 tissues of HEAN animals, the relative expression of annexin 1 was significantly different (p < 0.05) between tissues with high and low BF thicknesses.ConclusionThe increased expression of annexin 1 protein has been found to be associated with higher BF thickness in both crossbred steers. This result lays the foundation for future studies to develop the protein marker for assessing animals with different BF thickness.
Highlights
The fat components of red meat products have been of interest to researchers due to the health aspects of excess fat consumption by humans
Proteome profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissues with different back fat (BF) thicknesses Differences in the protein profiles were found to be associated with the BF thickness in both Hereford × Angus (HEAN) and Charolais × Red Angus (CHAR) crossbred animals
From CHAR animal adipose tissues, a total of 33 proteins were significantly altered, with 15 proteins upregulated and 18 proteins down-regulated in the low BF group compared to the high BF group
Summary
The fat components of red meat products have been of interest to researchers due to the health aspects of excess fat consumption by humans. We hypothesized that differences in protein expression have an impact on adipose tissue formation during beef cattle development and growth. The adipose tissue content of meat products has an impact on the economic value for producers, but it impacts the nutrition and health of red meat consumers. Adipose tissue formation in beef cattle is a complicated biological process associated with the genetic background, development, and nutrition of an animal, maintained by unique molecular signaling pathways [1,2,3]. The association of adipose tissue protein profiles in beef cows with the exhibition of different production traits remains unknown. The meat composition of the animal can be directly associated with the end products of gene expression only if there is a synthesis of functional/viable proteins. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) are methods that are widely used to investigate the physiologically relevant proteins associated with various biochemical and physiological changes in development, growth or metabolism of skeletal muscle and associative adipogenesis [16,17]
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