Abstract
This study compared proteome profiles and morphological changes of rat jejunum in response to different dietary proteins. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with casein (control), and isolated beef, pork, fish and chicken proteins for 14 days. Proteome analysis, histological observation and PEPT1 quantification of the jejunum were performed. The results indicated that rats fed with chicken proteins had higher PEPT1 mRNA and protein levels (<i>P</i><0.05) but lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C ratio, <i>P</i><0.05) than those fed with casein and pork protein. Label-free LC-MS/MS indicated that, as compared to casein, intake of chicken protein can regulate oligopeptide transport mainly by upregulating PEPT1 protein expression and reducing dipeptidyl-peptidase activity related to biological oxidation, and can reduce oligopeptide absorption capacity by regulating Hippo signaling pathway. Although intake of beef and fish proteins had no significant effect on PEPT1 expression, they altered several signaling pathways.
Highlights
Dietary protein affects the intestinal morphology and amino acid transport
The Pept1 mRNA levels in the jejunum were higher for the beef and chicken protein groups (P < 0.05, Fig. 1), compared to the casein group, while no significant difference was observed for the fish and pork protein groups (P > 0.05, Fig. 1)
These results indicated that dietary protein did affect PEPT1 abundance in rat jejunum and may reflect the development of intestinal morphology
Summary
Dietary protein affects the intestinal morphology and amino acid transport. Previous studies indicated that a high protein diet increased amino acid uptake in the jejunum, while a protein-deficient diet reduced uptake of nonessential amino acids but increased uptake of essential amino acids and alanine[1]. Dietary proteins are digested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. PEPT1 belongs to proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter superfamily, and is mainly located in the brush-border membrane of enterocytes[8,9], and villus height and crypt depth of enterocytes reflect the gut absorption capacity[10,11]. Nutrient absorption is related to many aspects, in particular to the abundance of transmembrane transporters, energy metabolic enzymes and regulatory factors[12]
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