Abstract
BackgroundSchizophrenia is likely to be a consequence of DNA alterations that, together with environmental factors, will lead to protein expression differences and the ultimate establishment of the illness. The superior temporal gyrus is implicated in schizophrenia and executes functions such as the processing of speech, language skills and sound processing.MethodsWe performed an individual comparative proteome analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of 9 schizophrenia and 6 healthy control patients' left posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area – BA22p) identifying by mass spectrometry several protein expression alterations that could be related to the disease.ResultsOur analysis revealed 11 downregulated and 14 upregulated proteins, most of them related to energy metabolism. Whereas many of the identified proteins have been previously implicated in schizophrenia, such as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, creatine kinase and neuron-specific enolase, new putative disease markers were also identified such as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, tropomyosin 3, breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 and phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial precursor. Besides, the differential expression of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were confirmed by western blot in schizophrenia prefrontal cortex.ConclusionOur data supports a dysregulation of energy metabolism in schizophrenia as well as suggests new markers that may contribute to a better understanding of this complex disease.
Highlights
Schizophrenia is likely to be a consequence of DNA alterations that, together with environmental factors, will lead to protein expression differences and the ultimate establishment of the illness
For each patient the antipsychotic treatment history was assessed by examining the medical charts and calculated in chlorpromazine equivalents (CPE), through the algorithm developed by Jahn and Mussgay [24] for typical neuroleptics and clozapine
Twenty-three proteins were identified as single spots and two proteins were identified in multiple spots
Summary
Schizophrenia is likely to be a consequence of DNA alterations that, together with environmental factors, will lead to protein expression differences and the ultimate establishment of the illness. One of the main clinical features in SCZ is the inappropriate use of language such as preservations, low verbal fluency, or absent-mindedness with use of incoherent language They can be assumed under formal thought disorders and represent reliable diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. The superior temporal gyrus (STG), which is part of the human temporal lobe, is the major brain area related to speech, language and communication. Injuries such as tumors, stroke or epilepsy affecting the STG may lead to disturbances of language function and hallucinations similar to those observed in SCZ symptoms [15]. WA is an important region for speech processing and language skills
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