Abstract
Date palm cultivars differently tolerate salinity and drought stress. This study was carried out to study the response of date palm to severe salinity and drought based on leaf proteome analysis. Eighteen-month-old date palm plants were subjected to severe salt (48 g/L NaCl) and drought (82.5 g/L PEG or no irrigation) conditions for one month. Using a protein 2D electrophoresis method, 55 protein spots were analyzed using mass spectrometry. ATP synthase CF1 alpha chains were significantly upregulated under all three stress conditions. Changes in the abundance of RubisCO activase and one of the RubisCO fragments were significant in the same spots only for salt stress and drought stress with no irrigation, and oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 was changed in different spots. Transketolase was significantly changed only in drought stress with PEG. The expression of salt and drought stress genes of the chosen protein spots was either overexpressed or downexpressed as revealed by the high or low protein abundance, respectively. In addition, all drought tolerance genes due to no irrigation were downregulated. In conclusion, the proteome analysis of date palm under salinity and drought conditions indicated that both salinity and drought tolerance genes were differentially expressed resulting in high or low protein abundance of the chosen protein spots as a result of exposure to drought and salinity stress condition.
Highlights
Plant species differ in their tolerance to abiotic stress
Proteome analysis is a convenient tool for testing the response of plants to abiotic stress [2, 3]
Salt is transported via the xylem to the shoot causing the accumulation of Na+ and Cl− ions in shoot cells to a toxic extent, resulting in ionic stress that leads to ion accumulation enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Summary
Plant species differ in their tolerance to abiotic stress. Proteome analysis is a convenient tool for testing the response of plants to abiotic stress [2, 3]. Proteome of plant species changes as a response to biotic “pests” [7,8,9] and abiotic “chemical, salt, and drought stress” [3, 10, 11]. Salt is transported via the xylem to the shoot causing the accumulation of Na+ and Cl− ions in shoot cells to a toxic extent, resulting in ionic stress that leads to ion accumulation enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Paul et al [14] stated that the major class of identified proteins resulting from salinity stress response belongs to carbohydrate and energy metabolism category while stress and defense related proteins are especially up-accumulated under drought stress and a novel protein, “R40C1”, was reported to be up-accumulated
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