Abstract
Antigens expressed on the surface of cancer cells are accessible targets for both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and are therefore potential candidates for vaccine development. Treating surface of live human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with trypsin yields a digest that contains 0.7% of total cell protein. Despite this difference, the trypsin digest stimulates in cytotoxicity assays anti-tumor response which kills 10-40% more cancer cells than those stimulated with cells themselves. From these results, we concluded that trypsin digest obtained from live cancer cells contains the essential antigens to induce an immune-mediated anti-tumor effect, and therefore, is candidate for anti-tumor vaccine development.
Highlights
Vaccines which use cancer cells as a source of these antigens have been investigated for more than 20 years, and cell-based vaccinations show great potential for prevention different types of cancers [1] cell-based vaccinations have an advantage over other immuno-therapies that target only specific epitopes since cell-based vaccines can recognize multiple native antigens, many of which have not been isolated or characterized [2]
While cancer cells provide surface antigens that are targets for a desired immune response, they contain a high abundance of house-keeping proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and other intracellular contents that are ubiquitous in mammalian cells
Protein concentration was measured in MCF-7 lysate and in trypsin digest obtained from the same quantity of cancer cells
Summary
Vaccines which use cancer cells as a source of these antigens have been investigated for more than 20 years, and cell-based vaccinations show great potential for prevention different types of cancers [1] cell-based vaccinations have an advantage over other immuno-therapies that target only specific epitopes since cell-based vaccines can recognize multiple native antigens, many of which have not been isolated or characterized [2]. While cancer cells provide surface antigens that are targets for a desired immune response, they contain a high abundance of house-keeping proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and other intracellular contents that are ubiquitous in mammalian cells. These ubiquitous molecules are undesirable for targeting immune-based therapies. Another potential limitation with cell-based vaccines is the difficulty of purifying cells from possible dangerous intracellular contaminants such as cellular parasites, viruses, toxins and prions. Improving these aspects of cell-based vaccines is essential for improving the stringency and efficacy of cancer vaccines [3,4]
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