Proteolytic Activation of Protein Kinase C-ε by Caspase-mediated Processing and Transduction of Antiapoptotic Signals

Abstract

Several novel protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have been identified as substrates for caspase-3. We have previously shown that novel PKCepsilon is cleaved during apoptosis in MCF-7 cells that lack any functional caspase-3. In the present study, we show that in vitro-translated PKCepsilon is processed by human recombinant caspase-3, -7, and -9. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) triggered processing of PKCepsilon to a 43-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment, and cell-permeable caspase inhibitors prevented TNF-induced processing of PKCepsilon in MCF-7 cells. PKCepsilon was cleaved primarily at the SSPD downward arrow G site to generate two fragments with an approximate molecular mass of 43 kDa. It was also cleaved at the DDVD downward arrow C site to generate two fragments with molecular masses of 52 and 35 kDa. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with TNF resulted in the activation of PKCepsilon, and mutation at the SSPD downward arrow G (D383A) site inhibited proteolytic activation of PKCepsilon. Overexpression of wild-type but not dominant-negative PKCepsilon in MCF-7 cells delayed TNF-induced apoptosis, and mutation at the D383A site prevented antiapoptotic activity of PKCepsilon. These results suggest that cleavage of PKCepsilon by caspase-7 at the SSPD downward arrow G site results in the activation of PKCepsilon. Furthermore, activation of PKCepsilon was associated with its antiapoptotic function.