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Abstract
Analysis of Portuguese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace ‘Barbela’ revealed the existence of a new x-type high molecular weight-glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) encoded at the Glu-A1 locus, which we named 1Ax1.1. Using one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we compared subunit 1Ax1.1 with other subunits encoded at the Glu-A1 locus. Subunit 1Ax1.1 has a theoretical molecular weight of 93,648 Da (or 91,508 Da for the mature protein) and an isoelectric point (pI) of about 5.7, making it the largest and most acidic HMW-GS known to be encoded at Glu-A1. Specific primers were designed to amplify and sequence 2601 bp of the Glu-A1 locus from the ‘Barbela 28’ wheat genome. A very high level of identity was found between the sequence encoding 1Ax1.1 and those encoding other alleles of the locus. The major difference found was an insertion of 36 amino acids in the central repetitive domain.
Highlights
Wheat is one of the most widely grown crops in the world and a major source of protein in the human diet
It should be noted that the high molecular weight-glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) named 1.1 encoded at the Glu-A1 locus was described first in an analysis of genetic diversity of wheat grown in Portugal [21]
Analyzing old varieties or landraces has led to the identification of unusual allelic variants, some of which are already being incorporated into the genomes of current commercial wheat
Summary
Wheat is one of the most widely grown crops in the world and a major source of protein in the human diet. 85% of the total protein contained within wheat endosperm is gluten, a very large complex responsible for the unique viscoelastic properties of wheat dough [1,2]. The major components of gluten are the monomeric gliadins and the polymeric glutenins. Glutenins mainly confer dough elasticity and gliadins dough extensibility essential for bread-making [3,4]. Glutenins are classed as high molecular weight-glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) encoded at Glu-1 loci and low molecular weight-glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) encoded at Glu-3 loci.
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