Proteinuria as a Marker for Cardiovascular Disease in Renal (Chronic Kidney Disease) Patients

Abstract

Abstract Background For the evaluation of total cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD; renal), the amount of protein in the urine has to be considered an important factor. For reducing proteinuria level and lowering the risk of renal, cardiovascular endpoint, this may become a crucial decision. Materials and Methods This is a case-control study of the stage 5 CKD female patients recruited over 2 months in 2017, based on clinical and laboratory investigation. CKD was diagnosed on serum creatinine levels and stage 5 CKD depending on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculation. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was diagnosed on clinical history, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram. Results This study was conducted on 50 patients at the authors’ hospital. Out of these, 25 were cases and 25 constituted controls. Out of 25 controls, 13 had microalbuminuria and 12 had proteinuria and no cardiovascular disease. Out of 25 cases, 2 cases had microalbuminuria and 23 had proteinuria. More number of CKD with CAD group had proteinuria than CKD without CAD, which was statistically highly significant (p < 0.000). CKD patients with CAD had higher degree of proteinuria than those without CAD, which was statistically significant (p < 0.005). Conclusion This study showed that proteinuria and its cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients are correlated. For detection of CAD in CKD patients, proteinuria levels may be crucial regarding the treatment decision.