Abstract
Recently, food companies from various European countries have observed increased interest in high-protein food and other products with specific functional properties. This review article intends to present proteins as an increasingly popular ingredient in various food products that frequently draw contemporary consumers’ attention. The study describes the role of conventional, unconventional, and alternative sources of protein in the human body. Furthermore, the study explores proteins’ nutritional value and functional properties, their use in the food industry, and the application of proteins in bionanomaterials. Due to the expected increase in demand for high-protein products, the paper also examines the health benefits and risks of consuming these products, current market trends, and consumer preferences.
Highlights
It is estimated that the ever-increasing population growth will reach around nine billion people by 2050 (Figure 1), resulting in huge demand for protein-rich food worldwide
Proteins function as substrates in synthesizing many hormones and biologically active compounds, such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, thyroid hormones, histamine, and serotonin. They participate in creating biologically active compounds such as purine and pyrimidine bases, choline, glutathione, creatine, and many other components involved in physiological processes [19]
Sulfuric amino acids play a significant role in shaping the structure and function of proteins [26], and thiol groups can be oxidized to form intra- and intermolecular disulfide bridges
Summary
It is estimated that the ever-increasing population growth will reach around nine billion people by 2050 (Figure 1), resulting in huge demand for protein-rich food worldwide. Other food values, such as health, environmental impact, and ethical concerns, influence consumer decisions Due to these influences, increasing interest in unconventional proteins (including plant and insect proteins) is expected in the coming years [16]. Proteins are subject to constant interactions related to the influence of other nutrients and energy metabolism They are the basic structural and functional components of every human body cell, responsible for gene expression control, and essential for the young organism’s proper growth and development. Proteins function as substrates in synthesizing many hormones and biologically active compounds, such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, thyroid hormones (thyroxine, triiodothyronine), histamine, and serotonin They participate in creating biologically active compounds such as purine and pyrimidine bases (components of nucleotides and nucleic acids), choline (phospholipids component), glutathione, creatine, and many other components involved in physiological processes [19]. The unique characteristics of their pure enzyme forms make proteins highly applicable to several chemical transformation reactions in the pharmaceutical industry, such as group protection and deprotection, selective acylation and deacylation, selective hydrolysis, deracemization, kinetic resolution of racemic mixtures, esterification, and transesterification [20]
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