Abstract
Polymer scaffolds constitute a very interesting strategy for tissue engineering. Even though they are generally non-toxic, in some cases, they may not provide suitable support for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which decelerates tissue regeneration. To improve biological properties, scaffolds are frequently enriched with bioactive molecules, inter alia extracellular matrix proteins, adhesive peptides, growth factors, hormones, and cytokines. Although there are many papers describing synthesis and properties of polymer scaffolds enriched with proteins or peptides, few reviews comprehensively summarize these bioactive molecules. Thus, this review presents the current knowledge about the most important proteins and peptides used for modification of polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering. This paper also describes the influence of addition of proteins and peptides on physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of polymer scaffolds. Moreover, this article sums up the major applications of some biodegradable natural and synthetic polymer scaffolds modified with proteins and peptides, which have been developed within the past five years.
Highlights
The Role of Proteins and Peptides in TETissue engineering (TE)Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary field, which constitutes an alternative and promising approach for grafts, i.e., autografts, allografts, and xenografts [1,2,3]
polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel combined with RGD enhanced adhesion, survival, and osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
They showed that the addition of two peptides (P15 and OPG) to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based biomaterial led to a significant increase in surface wettability (θ decreased from 80◦ to approximately 18◦ ), which improved adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of mouse preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cell line)
Summary
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary field, which constitutes an alternative and promising approach for grafts, i.e., autografts, allografts, and xenografts [1,2,3]. In the ex vivo strategy, including inter alia fabrication of bioactive construct, the for growth (scaffold) and biological (mainly growthand factors), whichsignals promote their growth, isolated cells need suitable support signals for growth biological Cellular scaffoldactivities, enrichment biological factors signals that improve of properties of scaffolds, support andwith as a bioactive molecules primarily promotes its biocompatibility, by leading to increased cell adhesion, consequence lead to better and intensive regeneration of specific tissue [6,18,19]. Improvement of polymer scaffolds with proteins (especially ECM proteins and/or growth factors) and peptides enables fabrication of biocompatible biomaterials that mimic natural ECM [38,39,40,41]
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