Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the expression of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) samples, and to identify whether PTK6 can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC.MethodsWe used quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis to detect mRNA and protein expression of PTK6 in NPC cell lines and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines. 31 NPC and 16 non-tumorous nasopharyngeal mucosa biopsies were collected to detect the difference in the expression of mRNA level of PTK6 by quantitative RT-PCR. We also collected 178 NPC and 10 normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cases with clinical follow-up data to investigate the expression of PTK6 by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). PTK6 overexpression on cell growth and colony formation ability were measured by the method of cell proliferation assay and colony formation assay.ResultsThe expression of PTK6 was higher in most of NPC cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels than in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines (NPECs) induced by Bmi-1 (Bmi-1/NPEC1, and Bmi-1/NPEC2). The mRNA level of PTK6 was high in NPC biopsies compared to non-tumorous nasopharyngeal mucosa biopsies. IHC results showed the expression of PTK6 was significantly correlated to tumor size (P<0.001), clinical stage (P<0.001), and metastasis (P=0.016). The patients with high-expression of PTK6 had a significantly poor prognosis compared to those of low-expression (47.8% versus 80.0%, P<0.001), especially in the patients at the advanced stages (42.2% versus 79.1%, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the level of PTK6 expression was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with NPC (P <0.001). Overexpression of PTK6 in HNE1 cells enhanced the ability of cell proliferation and colony formation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that high-expression of PTK6 is an independent factor for NPC patients and it might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) samples, and to identify whether PTK6 can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
Our results suggest that high-expression of PTK6 is an independent factor for NPC patients and it might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC
The expression of PTK6 in NPC cell lines and fresh biopsies To examine the expression pattern of PTK6 in NPC, we first performed a western blotting analysis using a monoclonal antibody against PTK6 on 6 NPC cell lines including CNE1, CNE2, 6-10B, 5-8F, HONE1, SUNE1, and HNE1 and two immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NPEC1 Bmi-1 and NPEC2 Bmi-1)
Summary
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) samples, and to identify whether PTK6 can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. Clinical TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) staging is often used to determine the prognosis of NPC patients. The NPC patients at the same clinical stage usually have different clinical outcomes. It is suggested that TNM staging is deficient in predicting the prognosis of NPC accurately [7,8]. With the development of biomedical research, some molecular biomarkers have been identified to be associated with NPC prognosis, such as plasma EBV DNA, serum amyloid protein A (SAA), sailic acid (SA), EGFR and CENP-H. With the development of biomedical research, some molecular biomarkers have been identified to be associated with NPC prognosis, such as plasma EBV DNA, serum amyloid protein A (SAA), sailic acid (SA), EGFR and CENP-H. [9,10,11,12,13,14]
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