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Abstract
The optimal dietary digestible protein to energy ratio is critical for the success of fish farming. Considering that it provides the proper development of the animals, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different dietary digestible protein to energy ratio in diets for goldfish fingerlings. Diets were formulated to contain 28.0, 35.0, 42.0 and 49.0% DP and 3,600 and 3,200 kcal/kg. The growth parameters evaluated were daily weight gain (DWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV) and energy retention ratio (ERR) and specific growth rate (SGR). Regardless FI, all the parameters were affected by protein and energy levels and interaction between both factors was observed. The second-order polynomial equation best fitted to the DWG, SGR, FCR, PER and ERR with estimated requirement values of 38.81, 38.85, 41.05, 41.80 and 39.39% DP, respectively, at the 3,200 kcal/kg. A second-order polynomial model was significant only for the ERR data at the 3,600 kcal/kg with an estimated requirement value of 36.45% DP. Generally, fish fed diets containing 3,200 kcal/kg had better growth performance than fish fed 3,600 kcal/kg (P<0.01), indicating a higher feed efficiency. A 3,200 kcal/kg diet seems to be the proper DE level for meeting goldfish requirement for highest weight gain. Based on this experimental condition, we recommend the use of DP levels between 38.0-40.0% in diets for goldfish with 3,200 kcal/kg or a dietary protein to energy ratio between 119-125 mg/kcal DE.
Highlights
Ornamental fish culture is an increasingly growing aquaculture activity in developing countries
Growth performance of goldfish fed diets containing different levels of digestible protein and energy over 45day feeding trial is presented in table 2
The use of purified ingredients, the lipid content of diets, the amino acid composition of diets, among others have been described to affect the determination of protein requirement (ELANGOVAN; SHIM, 1997; BUREAU; ENCARNAÇÃO, 2006; VELASCOSANTAMARÍA; CORREDOR-SANTAMARÍA, 2011; NRC, 2011)
Summary
Ornamental fish culture is an increasingly growing aquaculture activity in developing countries. This market has been increasing since the 80’s with annual profits around U$ 900 million with fish marketing and three billion dollars with related equipments and feed (FAO, 1999). The economical importance of ornamental fish production, few information are available on nutrient requirements for the species usually kept in aquaria (BLOM; DABROWSKI, 2000). According to Tamaru, Ako and Paguirigan (1997), before elucidating the nutrient requirements of ornamental fish species, studies should. Be performed to test if the diets developed for farmed fish are adequate for ornamental fish. Diets exceeding the nutrient requirements may be responsible to reduced water quality inducing the appearance of disease outbreaks
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