Abstract
Background: Frankincense, the oleo-gum resin of Boswellia trees, has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times. Frankincense has been used to treat wounds and skin infections, inflammatory diseases, dementia, and various other conditions. However, in many cases, the biomolecular targets for frankincense components are not well established. Methods: In this work, we have carried out a reverse docking study of Boswellia diterpenoids and triterpenoids with a library of 16034 potential druggable target proteins. Results: Boswellia diterpenoids showed selective docking to acetylcholinesterase, several bacterial target proteins, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Boswellia triterpenoids targeted the cancer-relevant proteins (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, tankyrase, and folate receptor β), inflammation-relevant proteins (phospholipase A2, epoxide hydrolase, and fibroblast collagenase), and the diabetes target 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Conclusions: The preferential docking of Boswellia terpenoids is consistent with the traditional uses and the established biological activities of frankincense.
Highlights
The genus Boswellia (Burseraceae) is made up of resiniferous trees and shrubs that are distributed across India, the Arabian peninsula, and Africa [1,2]
Important frankincense-producing species include B. carteri, which grows in Somaliland and Puntland [1], B. sacra, found in Yemen, southern Oman, Somalia, and Somaliland [2], B. frereana, which is endemic to Somalia [2], B. papyrifera, primarily found in Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia [4], and B. serrata, which grows primarily in India [5]
We have carried out a reverse molecular docking study of Boswellia cembranoid diterpenoids (Figure 1), cneorubenoid diterpenoids (Figure 2), and triterpenoids (Figure 3) against a library of 16,034 potential druggable target proteins
Summary
The genus Boswellia (Burseraceae) is made up of resiniferous trees and shrubs that are distributed across India, the Arabian peninsula, and Africa [1,2]. The genus is known for its aromatic terpenoid oleo-gum resin, frankincense. Frankincense oleo-gum resin has been used traditionally to treat wounds [6], to treat inflammatory diseases [7], for oral hygiene [8], as well as for its psychoactive effects [9,10]. We have carried out a reverse molecular docking study of Boswellia cembranoid diterpenoids (Figure 1), cneorubenoid diterpenoids (Figure 2), and triterpenoids (Figure 3) against a library of 16,034 potential druggable target proteins. Frankincense, the oleo-gum resin of Boswellia trees, has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times. Methods: In this work, we have carried out a reverse docking study of Boswellia diterpenoids and triterpenoids with a library of 16034 potential druggable target proteins. Boswellia triterpenoids targeted the cancer-relevant proteins (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, tankyrase, and folate receptor β), inflammation-relevant proteins
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