Protein synthesis and storage in human platelets: a defective storage of fibrinogen in platelets in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Abstract

In vivo metabolic labelling experiments were performed to investigate the ability of human platelets to synthesize and store fibrinogen and thrombospondin. Newly synthesized proteins were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results were compared with those obtained for the platelets of a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia where endogenous fibrinogen levels were severely reduced. Normal human platelets were able to synthesize the different subunits of fibrinogen and thrombospondin and to assemble them into native fibrinogen and thrombospondin molecules. This synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide. Synthesis of both fibrinogen and thrombospondin was observed in the platelets of the Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patient. However, radiolabelled fibrinogen was no longer detected after an 18-h non-radioactive chase, although it was retained in the control platelets. Neosynthesized thrombospondin of the patient was normally preserved during the same chase period. When the fate of the radioactive fibrinogen was studied, it was found to be degraded in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia platelets to the same extent as neosynthesized cytoplasmic proteins, whreas in control platelets less degradation has occurred. We conclude that human platelets maintain a residual capacity to synthesize fibrinogen and that its deficiency in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia results from a storage abnormality and not from a synthesis defect.